The Impact Of Technology On The Modern World - 1547 Words

Impact Of Technology In the Modern World Throughout the life, some influences have shaped people the way they live their lives today. Impact of a virtual connection, and go beyond the brain’s ability, is rising in an eyesight bling, which is a cause of socialization— brain’s ability to multitask and their consequences itself. The usage of the internet is creating conflict upon individuals that they have become modern in today’s world. In the essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, who is a psychologist and a creative writer from the Columbia University explores the Dunbar’s theoretical number of a friend that one could have in their life. Konnikova informs people about her colleague Robin Dunbar’s research how social networking†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Technology has more of a side effect than positive outcomes in people s lives in this modern world. Adverse effects are easy to catch, and it has proven in the essay by Maria Konnikova and Ric hard Restak. On top of that Konnikova in her essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† mansion a Dunbar number which proves that people are more convenient keeping up with their friends online, therefore, it s causing an issue of why people have more online friends rather than real friends. â€Å"Isn t it easier to have more friends when we have Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to help us to cultivate and maintain them?† (Konnikova 237). From this quote one could obviously see that why people are attracting towards virtual interactions than physical interactions. People think it’s easy to have a friend online to get away from trouble and consequences, with that said people can quickly and regularly keep in touch with each other in today s hectic world. There are also some effects of technology which conferred in the essay â€Å"Attention Deficit: The Brain Syndrome Of Our Era.† In the modern world, technology has taken the human mind entirely which is attracti ng people to technology. â€Å"The mind was thus a machine and could best be understood through the employment of machine metaphors†Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On The Modern World1501 Words   |  7 Pages Over the past couple of decades, advancing technology has revolutionized the world. The evolution of technology has constantly had a massive impact on the human race at every stage of societal development. Modern world is unimaginable without things such as electricity, computers, vehicles, and much more. There have been many monumental discoveries in the past that has changed the landscape of our society forever including the discovery of coal. Hundreds of years ago, coal was discovered byRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Our Modern World1262 Words   |  6 PagesOne small step for technology, one large step for mankind Take a moment and look around you. What do you see? Most likely you are surrounded by technology. This new phenomenon is a vital part in the modern world. The domination of technology has engulfed our culture, it has become a large portion of our everyday life and the way that we function. Three authors; Christine Rosen, Lakshmi Chaudhry, and Jim Taylor, have illustrated the foundations of technology on our modern world. They have all takenRead MoreWireless Technology And Its Impact On The Modern Business World1044 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The advent of technologies allowing large quantities of data to be transmitted over the air is undoubtedly one of the greatest achievements in data communication. These days, most organizations operating in developed countries could not fathom the idea of conducting their day-to-day operations without wireless technologies. In fact, a poll taken by ATT in 2013 found that over 98% of small businesses use wireless technologies in their operations (Sophy. 2013). Similarly, anotherRead MoreThe Modern Era And Its Impact On The World1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Modern period is a cultural movement that has a lasting impact on the world. The Romantic period provoked everyone to rebellion and two of the greatest revolutions, the American and French, were an outcome of that period. Thus, the Modern period was born when the Romantics faded out and this shift in culture changed the world forever. Modernism changed the way people lived in a number of different reasons, but there are three that stood out from the rest. The Modern Era changed the world throughRead MoreSociety s Dependence On Technology1244 Words   |  5 Pages11- Period 1 2 October 2015 Society’s Dependency On Technology Today, technology is a ruling factor among our society. Technology is involved in every aspect of our lives. Our dependence on technology has been taken to a whole other level, we are now incredibly dependent on technology. We may be too dependent on technology, but our dependence does not necessarily impact us in negative ways. II. Some say the increasing need for technology, specifically social media, causes social isolationRead MoreTechnology Is A Positive Tool1594 Words   |  7 Pages Technology Is a Positive Tool In the anthology Points of Departure by Michelle J. Brazier, two writers have compelling arguments about the influence of technology. In Ian Bremmer’s essay, Democracy in Cyberspace: What Technology Can and Cannot Do for Us, he argues that modern communications and technology are just mediums or tools because they can be used for various purposes. In Malcolm Gladwell’s essay, Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted, he argues that social networks are hurtingRead MoreModern Information Technology Impacts Our Everyday Lives1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Modern Technology on Everyday Lives A Changing World Over the past 20 years, the world as we know has changed drastically. We have moved from a world that was bound by wires and copper cabling to a world that offers any bit of information you want with the touch of a glass screen from a device that fits in your pockets. In this same period of time, shopping used to involve planning a trip to a brick and motor store and hope they had the product you were looking for, and at the priceRead MoreThe Classic Works Of Strategy1354 Words   |  6 Pagesand force to achieve policy objectives. Given the unfortunate centrality of war to world events, strategy becomes a significant aspect in providing a theory of success. The perennial popularity of books on military and application of works of wisdom in the use of force today is unequivocal. Particularly, books that generally focus of the theory of strategy, studies with varied meanings for all purposes, technologies, places, and times are increasingly rare. In the past 2,400 years, only 3 clas sicRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology1411 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology and its Effects The term technology originated from the Greek word ‘technologia’. Technology refers to the use of machines and various tools that make our daily work lives simpler, easier and organized. The word also refers to the different tools, gadgets, and resources used by humans so as to help them control and adapt to their environment appropriately (Bridgman, 5}. Technology also refers to the knowledge of techniques and processes and is embedded mostly in machines used as factorsRead MoreResults of Advancements in Technology Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, modern technology is evidently developing rapidly and it is portrayed as a negative impact. It can be seen that technology is a substitution of all characteristics of life. The purpose of every technological invention is to benefit the lives of mankind; thus re-enforcing the positive connotation of technology. However, in long term it may not be beneficial; such as, education, work and leisure are al l becoming dependent on technology; cyberspace is dangerous and child obesity

The Pros and Cons of E-commerce Today - 1795 Words

THE PROS AND CONS OF E-COMMERCE TODAY Introduction Electronic Commerce or e-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services(Rosen, 2000). E-commerce (or electronic commerce) is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems and automated data collection systems. (Anon, n.d.). It also refers to any type of business transaction where the parties interact electronically rather than†¦show more content†¦This is considered virtual because one doesnt have to physically stock the products in a show room where the customer comes to view them. All the business needs to do is have adequate pictures of the product along with a description on their electronic store for their c ustomers to view. This allows the business to stock a wide range of products, and in some cases, they don’t have to physically stock the products. As e-commerce has evolved, businesses are now able to connect their back-end systems to the order processing systems of their suppliers. As a result, they no longer need to maintain large amounts of inventory to fulfill their customers’ needs. This interfacing between the e-commerce business and its suppliers means they never need to face an out-of-stock situation for normal demand. (It is however possible if an exceptionally high demand arises). Because of this interlinking, procurement can become faster, transparent and eventually cheaper. b. Additionally, since the business doesnt have to have a physical store, it can cut down on overheads and thereby reduce on costs since they do not need to employ customer facing staff to assist the customers in a store because functions such as checkout, billing, payments and inventory management are automated. c. Advertising and marketing costs can be reduced by using search engines, social media and pay-per-click (such as with Google) to driver consumerShow MoreRelatedBackground. In The Fast Changing And Increasingly Connected1321 Words   |  6 Pagesas Alibaba and Amazon, rely on the technological innovations and advancements to build their business models and capitalize on them (Burinskiene, 2013). Alibaba was founded in 1999 by a group of 18 people led by Jack Ma. The company provides an e-commerce platform for global sourcing and trading of millions of products in more than 40 categories in more than 190 countries (Alibaba, n. d.). At the end of 2016, the company reported a revenue of $7.669 billion, an increase of 54% year-over-year (AlibabaRead MoreThe New Healthcare Reform Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesallowing its entire people to receive proper medical attention regardless of income sounds like the fix-all problem for America. The question is why is it not an option? Canada has a universal healthcare plan which reaches its 33 million people. The cons to this program means the doctors are paid on a scale and there is less medical equipment which means longer waiting times for special technology. No deductibles or co-pays are required though. The life expectancy for Canada is a combined, six yearsRead More Internet Taxation Essay example1349 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å" Internet Taxation,† both the pros and cons concerning Internet taxation are mentioned to establish both views concerning the issue facing the United States people. The conservative or con side on taxes mainly uses logos argument to make their point. Supports of the tax free Internet say that because of the way transactions are carried out on the web, electronic sales are vulnerable to being taxed multiple times by many different local jurisdictions. Since many e-tailers have one main hub, andRead MoreIs535 Final Course Project3657 Words   |  15 PagesStarting an E Commerce Online Business Keller Graduate School of Management Managerial Applications of Information Technology 11/12/2011 [Type the fax number] Jamie Lynch You want to start an E commerce business selling your products and services online but how to get started? Milestone 1 Problem: The business problem to be solved is how can an entrepreneur start and maintain a successful E commerce business online? Background: The first key to starting a successful online businessRead MoreThe For Maximize Your Earnings Are Alphabet Inc.1066 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States, the United Kingdom, and rest of the world. The company offers performance and brand advertising services. It operates through Google and Other Bets segments. The Google segment includes principal Internet products, such as Search, Ads, Commerce, Maps, YouTube, Apps, Cloud, Android, Chrome, and Google Play, as well as technical infrastructure and newer efforts, such as Virtual Reality. This segment also sells hardware products comprising Chromecast, Chromebooks, and Nexus. The Other BetsRead MoreQuestions On Start An E Commerce Business1161 Words   |  5 Pages The question is â€Å"Have you thought about starting an E-commerce business?†. Anyone can look back on how technology has changed in the last, let’s say, ten years there have been some major advancements. There are watches that tell you about your own body fun ctions, laptops that do more than ever expected, and phones that have more functions than Inspector Gadget, to name just a few. It is not a far-fetched idea for someone to open an e-commerce business opposed to a traditional brick and mortar businessRead MoreE-Commerce: Pros and Cons of Taking the Clothing Store Online1535 Words   |  6 Pagesconduct business. Today, most businesses have come to the realization that to remain relevant in a highly competitive marketplace; they must fully exploit the opportunities presented by both technology and the Internet. In this text, I discuss a number of issues arising out of my resolve to engage in e-Commerce as the owner of a small clothing store along the Jersey Shore boardwalk. Pros and Cons of Taking the Clothing Store Online According to Schniederjans Cao (2002), e-Commerce is the exchangeRead MoreWalmart s Brazilian Ecommerce Group1173 Words   |  5 Pages2. Wal-Mart: Neo4j In April 2011 the biggest multinational retailer company in the US made clear that Big Data will become a part of Wal-Mart DNA. They purchased Kosmix, a social media start-up focused on e-commerce. They developed a software application which had the ability to search and analyse social media applications (like Twitter or Facebook) in real-time in order to provide personalized insights to users. Now Wal-Mart is Big Data knowledge-empire. An important tool in achieving that has becomeRead MoreWalmarts Principles Of Walmart1786 Words   |  8 Pages2016. Stakeholders need to decide if the increase in value is an indication Wal-Mart shares will be as stable as they had in previous years. To Invest or Not to Invest For years Wal-Mart was a reasonably safe investment, does that still hold true today? Some analysts argue that now is the time to purchase Wal-Mart stocks, they are on their way up in value and will keep increasing. However, some analysts are saying the evidence of the recent turnaround are inconclusive, and potential shareholdersRead MoreLaw 531 Contract Creation and Management1738 Words   |  7 PagesManagement This week assignment is to provide analysis on the Contract Creation and Management simulation provided in the University of Phoenix (UOP) materials website. The simulation involves two companies; Span Systems, a California-based custom e-banking software developer and Citizen-Schwarz AG (C-S), a Stuttgart-based bank with revenues of over $20 billion. Through C-S’s regional offices in the United States, they contracted out Span Systems to develop a Java-based transaction processing software

My Name Is Margaret Free Essays

We as people identify with our name in many ways. Our name is what connects us to our family, and we are the image that is associated with our name. In the passage, Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on My Name Is Margaret or any similar topic only for you Order Now Viola’s friend sees a lack of importance in calling Margaret by her actual name, as â€Å"that may be, but the name’s too long. I’d never bother myself. I’d call her Mary if I was you. † In doing this, â€Å"Old Speckled-Face,† as Margaret called her, attempts to dehumanize her and exemplifies the standard way of thinking of the common, rich white people in the 60’s and 70’s. In seeing Margaret’s name as something that doesn’t matter, being that her name is who she is, she therefore makes Margaret ‘not matter’. The author’s indignation toward her employer for impertinently renaming her substantiates Marguerite’s strong sense of self-pride, now revealed in the face of racism. Angelou’s reaction to her Mrs. Viola’s renaming exhibits the subtle forms of resistance that blacks could use. In a sense, Mrs. Cullinan’s kitchen served as a finishing school for Margaret because black girls â€Å"were given as extensive and irrelevant preparations for adulthood as rich white girls shown in magazines. The difference was that many white girls learned about more high-class habits, while black girls learned housekeeping. In being a servant in Mrs. Cullinan’s kitchen, she learns the same things that white girls would learn at finishing school. Angelou describes Mrs. Cullinan’s house as â€Å"exact† and â€Å"inhuman† to articulate her ideas that white people are very different from black people. She also makes the assumption that all white people are caddy, shallow, and lonely, based on her experiences with the white ladies on the porch, which may indicate some bias changing the actual story due to racism. At first, Margaret decides that she will write a poem about the tragedy of â€Å"being white, fat, old, and without children,† due to the fact that she sees Mrs. Cullinan as living a miserable, pathetic lifestyle. But after standing up for Margaret by insisting her friend address her by the proper name, she finds a new respect for Mrs. Cullinan. Mrs. Cullinan believes that she has regained control over Margaret, however, she has in fact let go of her symbol of power over Angelou. Mrs. Angelou regains her name, and with that, her sense of self. Though she was treated wrongly by her employer and her snooty friends, Angelou reveals herself to have racist prejudice and a tendency to incorporate them into her writing, as shown in her narrative. * Alliteration * â€Å"Impish elf† * Used to bring the reader’s attention to the fact that this is when Mrs. Cullinan turns into a different person, which is the person that her white friends see Motif * Repetition of â€Å"Mary† and â€Å"Margaret† * Used to show the two sides that Angelou struggles with as she fights to maintain her identity in a world of prejudice * Diacope * â€Å"This cup went here and only here† * Used to show how Angelou perceives her employer as being single-minded * Asyndeton * â€Å"There were goblets, sherbet glasses, ice-cream gla sses, wine glasses, green glass coffee cups with matching saucers, and water glasses. † * Used to emphasize the â€Å"extensive and irrelevant† things that white people find essential to function living How to cite My Name Is Margaret, Essay examples

Breast Cancer Screening

Question: Discuss about the Breast Cancer Screening. Answer: Introduction In evidence based nursing and public health, the professionals to be updated with recent research in their field. This is because this knowledge helps them to gain skills which they can apply in the provision of care to the patients (Berg et al., 2012). The clinicians should therefore perform appraisal of the volumes of literature which are published by researchers annually. This includes the methodologies, the study design, data analysis and the data presentation as well as interpretation. Breast Cancer Screening Through Mammography The meaning of the term screening varies among different people, settings as well as beliefs. However, the basic issue is that screening is concerned about finding for the proof of the existence of a disease in a group of patients who are otherwise thought to be healthy (Bjurstam et al., 2016). The main objectives of breast cancer screening are to detect and destroy the early precursors of breast cancer and to detect the tumors early enough while they are still in a stage where treatment can be done. Breast cancer is caused by the inflammation of the breast tissues as a result of increase proliferation of the cells. This leads to formation of dimples, oozing of fluids from the nipples and an alteration of the integrity of the shape of the breasts (Bleyer and Welch, 2012). The risks which could lead to onset of breast cancer could be family history of breast cancers, lack of children or getting them at late ages, lack of regular exercises, obesity, undergoing hormone replacement at menopause and gender (females are more prone than men). In other cases, breast cancers are as a result of hereditary genes that code for onset of this form of cancer. This cancer arises from the increased proliferation of the cells lining the milk ducts which transport milk to the ducts and are thus referred to as the duct carcinomas. In other cases, the uncontrolled cell proliferation can arise from the breast lobules and the resulting type of cancer is referred to as the lobular carcinoma. This therefore calls for more screening of breasts cancers so as to determine the prevalence rates as well as other epidemiological data regarding this disease. In some instances, the biopsies from the growing lump in the breast are taken for laboratory examinations. After diagnosis, the biopsy is then taken through other tests to determine the rate of spread of the cancer (Friedewald et al., 2014). The determination of the spread is important because it allows the clinicians to determine the stage at which treatment can be done as well as the efficacy of the treatment. Most treatment includes the surgical removal of the lump or the breast itself, chemotherapy and drugs like raloxifene and tamoxifene. Due to the increasing cases of breast cancers in both men and women with more severe cases and prevalence being on women, there is a need to carryout routine breast cancer screening. The survival rates of breast cancer vary depending on the age of the individual and the extent of the sp read in the body. Moreover, the survival also depends on the social economic status of the patients whereby high survival rates are noted in the developed world while low survival rates occur in the low or underdeveloped countries (Broeders et al., 2012). The most common screening method is the mammography. This screening involves the recruitment of women who are assumed to be healthy to find out whether there are early symptoms associated with breast cancer. Mammography involves the application of special techniques that make use of images and X rays of low doses such that they can visualize the breast tissues internally. The pictures that are generated from the mammography are transferred to a computer system where the radiologist reviews and stores them permanently (Ciatto et al., 2013). Breast Screening Case Study Considering the work on mammography performed by Anderson et al., 1988, it is crucial to take consideration of some facts with regards to the mammography. Initially, it is believed that the density of the breast tissue increases the risks of contracting breast cancer. This attributed to the fact that a breast tissue which is fatty is translucent as compared to one a light one which is composed of a stromal tissue. This is the prime reason as to why mammography classification of the types and stages of breast cancer is based on the proportion of the breast which is covered by dense tissues. Moreover, women with denser breast tissues are said to provide obstruction to the x rays during mammography. In this case, there is a possibility of poor X rays penetration make the picture resulting from the radiology to appear blurred. In long run, the sensitivity of the mammography is compromised making the identification of the presence or absence of breast cancer to be very difficult (Gotzsche and Olsen, 2000). It is also likely that the low sensitivity results into interval cancers which are characterized by grade three breast tumors. The organization of cancer screening programs to be difficult due to low sensitivity of the dense tumors. Therefore the author of this article was justified in his choice of the study on whether the repeated mammographic screenings were responsible for a reduction in the cases of breast cancer. If such screening is done periodically and using controlled groups, then early treatment and other intervention programs can be initiated to reduce the mortalities and other complications. Therefore there is need to improving the sensitivity of the screening equipment so as to offer a quality assurance to the patients that they are likely to get quality services from the health set up (Kerlikowske et al., 1996). Moreover, the administration of drugs like tamoxifen would help in lower side effects of the breast cancer, reduce the incidences of this cancer and improve the probability of getting a clear and quality mammography during screening. During, the intervals after the first round of screening, approximately seventeen percent of the women used in the study developed breast cancer. This is indicative of the low sensitivity of the mammography screening or probably such cancers were overlooked leading to interval cancers. In most cases, the women who are diagnosed with interval breast cancers means that they did not benefit from the initial screening (Kerlikowske et al., 1993). However this finding is acceptable because several breast cancers have a longer than usual period before visible signs are evident. As a result, some breast cancers are detected in between the intervals of screening via mammography. The factors associated with onset of interval cancers include the pre-menauposal status, increased body mass index and use of hormone therapy by the patient. These factors are linked to the increase in the density of the breast tissue which in turn masks the tumors and makes them less visible. The higher are fatality rate of breast cancer in the control group as compared to the study group in the first seven calendar years was illustrative of the lead time and length time bias that could be associated with screening. Since the attendance was lower in the older women, then it means that the younger women were the majority. This could lead to the possibilities of interval cancers and over diagnosis hence the overall conclusion of the lack of reduction of breast cancer mortalities through mammography (Nystrm et al., 1993). The majority of the deaths as a result of breast cancer could be due to the fact that there was a possibility that the invited women had cancer which was at its advanced stages and could not be treated. This means that although mammography possibly helped in identification of such cancers, there were no intervention methods that could be of use to them. This study used sensitive methods of screening to increase the reliability of the screening as indicated by the low median of the noninvasive carcinomas. Moreover, sensitivity of the screening in this study is confirmed by the proportion of the carcinomas in between the intervals of screening. The free access to mammography which was being provided at Malmo hospital implied that the screening was provided for both the women in the study as well as those in the control group making it more comprehensive. The determination of the cause of the deaths at the end of the screening period was crucial to determine the efficacy of the mammographic screening against breast cancer (Tabar et al., 1992). This is the prime reason as to why a thorough postmortem was carried out due to the increased number of deaths. The use of an independent committee who reviewed the records of the patients whose deaths were linked to breast cancer was used to minimize the possibility of errors. Moreover, there was a reason to take the results to an independent committee because about fifteen out of one hundred and ninety three of the deaths had their causes which were confusing. In the end, the comparison of the deaths that were in the official statistics due to breast cancer and the reports of the independent committee found that ten percent of them were discordant (Andersson et al., 1988). Since the life cycle of the breast cancer is about fifteen years, the screening can only be effective enough if the breast cancer is detected early so that the treatment is started immediately according to the clinical stages. Early treatment prevents the spread of the noninvasive carcinomas and reduces the severity of breast cancer. The findings of this study indicated that overall the screening program did not have any effect to the mortality as a result of breast cancer (Nelson et al., 2016) However, this study found out that the delay in the mammographic screening (involves just counting of the deaths for six years) had an effect in reducing the mortality rates associated with breast cancer by about thirty percent (Kerlikowske et al., 1995). However the findings further reported that the effects of mammographic screening varied with respect to the age of the women. In this case, the mortality rates as a result of breast cancer in women who were fifty five years of age and above reduced by about twenty percent, although the participants were fewer than the young women. On the other hand, the women who were fifty five years and below had mortality rate from breast cancer of about twenty nine percent. The high mortality rates in young women could be as a result of false negatives which possibly reassured such women that they were okay hence delaying their initiation of treatment in good time (Tabar et al., 2003). The overall difference in mortality rates between the old and young women could be attributed to the differences in the biology of the tumors. Benefits and Risks of Mammography There are several risks which are associated with the mammographic screening of breast cancer. In some cases, these techniques are not always accurate since there are possibilities of false positives and false negatives. A breast tissue can hide a tumor such that it cannot be identified in an image obtained from mammography such that the result is that the patient does not have breast cancer. On the other hand, another lump can be misdiagnosed for breast cancer leading to a wrong interpretation of results (Haas et al., 2013). This means that the results of mammographic screening should not be final but should be accompanied by other confirmatory test, while screening itself should be done at intervals. Women are also required to be performing a regular self-examination for the presence or absence of abnormal lumps in their breasts. The women should not be afraid of the X rays used by the mammographic methods because advanced mammography just includes a little amount of radiation which is less than the amount used for conventional X rays (Moss et al., 2006). During screening, the clinicians need to understand the manner in which breast cancer develops. The need for early detection of cancers was started in the United States through campaigns which were meant to educate the people on the need for seeking medical help early in advance. Thus people were urged to be keen for any symptoms associated with cancer because the mortality rates were on the rise. However, there was none of these campaigns which laid emphasis on breast cancer. This is when randomized trials on breast cancers were introduced shortly before the increased adoption of chemotherapy and anti-estrogen drugs for treatment. After such randomized trials, mammography was recommended as the method of choice for breast cancer screening. There have been several debates on the effectiveness of mammography in reducing the mortality rates of breast cancer patients, especially when screening is done outside the experimental settings. Moreover, there have been complaints of the harmful effects of mammography due to over diagnosis (Miller et al., 2014). This refers to the detecting tumors during screening and the progression of such tumors to life threatening stages, a case which would not have happened had screening not be done. The dangers posed to the breast cancer patients as a result of over diagnosing is that all the tumors which are detected are treated including those which are over diagnosed. There needs to be the establishment of some markers for the over diagnosed tumors so that they can be omitted during treatment (Jorgensen and Gotzsche, 2009). The women who have tumors that have been over diagnosed are said to experience harm and the side effects of screening in the course of their treatment. The exact estimation of over diagnosis is difficult because there is no precise method which is available (Puliti et al., 2012). In statistical models, there is a high possibility of the rates of over diagnosis being underestimated since they only test each assumption of the model one at a time (Lauby-Secretan et al., 2015). The assumptions in this case are based on the risk of a possibility of the progression of the tumor to an invasive form of cancer. Several studies indicate that the relative decrease in mortality from bosom malignancy ranges somewhere around twenty five of women aged between 50 to 69 years. Recommendation There is the need for the government to fund the mammography screening programs to reduce the cases of breast cancer (Messersmith et al., 2o15). In some cases, especially in the developing countries, successful mammography techniques are limited by financial constraints and inaccessibility of the services. In most cases, the cost of running these programs exceeds the set budget. It therefore becomes impossible to make follow ups of the women and the whole program may end up being useless. The governments can adopt the mobile mammography method so that that it can increase the ease of access to the screening services. Moreover, there should be mechanisms by the clinicians which enable them to avoid the risks of over diagnosis which comes down with more harm than benefits to the patients. Due to the limited resources which exist especially in the developing countries, it is crucial that the clinicians communicate the benefits and harms of mammography to the patients. This calls for increased prevention and screening interventions to reduce the he incidences of the mortalities arising from breast cancer. Therefore it is advisable that mammography screening remains to be the method of choice for screening the women for breast cancer. More successful screening programs can be enhanced by engaging the community organizations so that more women can be reached. Moreover, the services should be offered in culture acceptable manner so that so of the women from some cultural backgrounds may not be left out. Reference List Andersson, I., Aspegren, K., Janzon, L., Landberg, T., Lindholm, K., Linell, F., Ljungberg, O., Ranstam, J. and Sigfusson, B., 1988. Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer: the Malm mammographic screening trial. Bmj, 297(6654), pp.943-948. Berg, W.A., Zhang, Z., Lehrer, D., Jong, R.A., Pisano, E.D., Barr, R.G., Bhm-Vlez, M., Mahoney, M.C., Evans, W.P., Larsen, L.H. and Morton, M.J., 2012. Detection of breast cancer with addition of annual screening ultrasound or a single screening MRI to mammography in women with elevated breast cancer risk. Jama, 307(13), pp.1394-1404. Bjurstam, N.G., Bjrneld, L.M. and Duffy, S.W., 2016. Updated results of the Gothenburg Trial of Mammographic Screening. Cancer, 122(12), pp.1832-1835. Bleyer, A. and Welch, H.G., 2012. Effect of three decades of screening mammography on breast-cancer incidence. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(21), pp.1998-2005. Broeders, M., Moss, S., Nystrm, L., Njor, S., Jonsson, H., Paap, E., Massat, N., Duffy, S., Lynge, E. and Paci, E., 2012. The impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality in Europe: a review of observational studies. Journal of medical screening, 19(suppl 1), pp.14-25. Ciatto, S., Houssami, N., Bernardi, D., Caumo, F., Pellegrini, M., Brunelli, S., Tuttobene, P., Bricolo, P., Fant, C., Valentini, M. and Montemezzi, S., 2013. Integration of 3D digital mammography with tomosynthesis for population breast-cancer screening (STORM): a prospective comparison study. The lancet oncology, 14(7), pp.583-589. Friedewald, S.M., Rafferty, E.A., Rose, S.L., Durand, M.A., Plecha, D.M., Greenberg, J.S., Hayes, M.K., Copit, D.S., Carlson, K.L., Cink, T.M. and Barke, L.D., 2014. Breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis in combination with digital mammography. Jama, 311(24), pp.2499-2507. Gotzsche, P.C. and Olsen, O., 2000. Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justifiable?. The Lancet, 355(9198), pp.129-134. Haas, B.M., Kalra, V., Geisel, J., Raghu, M., Durand, M. and Philpotts, L.E., 2013. Comparison of tomosynthesis plus digital mammography and digital mammography alone for breast cancer screening. Radiology, 269(3), pp.694-700. Jorgensen, K.J. and Gtzsche, P.C., 2009. Overdiagnosis in publicly organised mammography screening programmes: systematic review of incidence trends. Bmj, 339, p.b2587. Kerlikowske, K., Grady, D., Barclay, J., Sickles, E.A. and Ernster, V., 1996. Effect of age, breast density, and family history on the sensitivity of first screening mammography. Jama, 276(1), pp.33-38. Kerlikowske, K., Grady, D., Barclay, J., Sickles, E.A., Eaton, A. and Ernster, V., 1993. Positive predictive value of screening mammography by age and family history of breast cancer. Jama, 270(20), pp.2444-2450. Kerlikowske, K., Grady, D., Rubin, S.M., Sandrock, C. and Ernster, V.L., 1995. Efficacy of screening mammography: a meta-analysis. Jama, 273(2), pp.149-154. Lauby-Secretan, B., Scoccianti, C., Loomis, D., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Bouvard, V., Bianchini, F. and Straif, K., 2015. Breast-cancer screeningviewpoint of the IARC Working Group. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(24), pp.2353-2358. Messersmith, L., Singer, J. and Ciesemier, G., 2015. Utilization of the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool in the Identification and Screening of Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer. J Womens Health Care, 4(259), pp.2167-0420. Miller, A.B., Wall, C., Baines, C.J., Sun, P., To, T. and Narod, S.A., 2014. Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial. Moss, S.M., Cuckle, H., Evans, A., Johns, L., Waller, M. and Bobrow, L., 2006. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality at 10 years' follow-up: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 368(9552), pp.2053-2060. Nelson, H.D., Fu, R., Cantor, A., Pappas, M., Daeges, M. and Humphrey, L., 2016. Effectiveness of breast cancer screening: systematic review and meta-analysis to update the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Annals of internal medicine, 164(4), pp.244-255. Nystrm, L., Wall, S., Rutqvist, L.E., Lindgren, A., Lindqvist, M., Ryden, S., Andersson, J., Bjurstam, N., Fagerberg, G., Frisell, J. and Tabar, L., 1993. Breast cancer screening with mammography: overview of Swedish randomised trials. The Lancet, 341(8851), pp.973-978. Puliti, D., Duffy, S.W., Miccinesi, G., De Koning, H., Lynge, E., Zappa, M. and Paci, E., 2012. Overdiagnosis in mammographic screening for breast cancer in Europe: a literature review. 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Warehouse Management free essay sample

Warehouse deals with wide range of computer spares like drivers, monitors, add-on cards and multimedia products etc. For that, they need several materials and components. To get better and sufficient components with least cost and with better quality they place the order to the suppliers to accomplish the purchase task. After receiving the required material the finished goods are prepared and dispatched. Service for finished goods are done. As the first step, the Customer places the purchase order to the Head Office. If all the terms and conditions are satisfied, it sends the purchase order to the Warehouse management department. The Warehouse department keys-in the purchase order and if the stocks are available for the purchase order, the warehouse department sends the goods to the Customer along with a delivery note. A copy of the delivery note is sent to the HO and it produces the invoice, which is sent to the customer. We will write a custom essay sample on Warehouse Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the Warehouse, if the quantity on hand value of the products becomes less than that of the re-order level of the product. The warehouse places an order to the supplier seeking for the product with their quantity mentioned. These details are noted down as in the order details of the warehouse. When the stock arrives from the supplier to the warehouse, Raw materials inward note is prepared. After inspection of the goods, the goods that are turned to be good and without any defects are accepted. Warehouse also maintains the details of the Category of product and the Amenities attached to the Category of the product. The Warehouse has the writes to Cancel any Order placed to the supplier incase there is any delay. The reliable report makes the process more comfortable. 1. 2 Company Profile SRM SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE is a company committed to provide support to small, medium and large corporations in the development and management of software essential to their needs over the entire life cycle of a project or system. All corporations, regardless of size, need to process enormous amounts of data in support of the dayto-day operation of the company and the dependence on a corporate information system and up-grade the existing ones. In seeking efficient and cost-effective approaches to manage change, many companies have found outsourcing to be particularly attractive. SRM Systems and Software Private Limited has been established in 1998 with the objective of providing software solutions to the Domestic and Export markets as well as for developing highly skilled manpower in specialized areas of Information Technology. Promoted by a group of highly qualified Engineering Managers. SRM has its offices at Austin, Boston, Chennai, and in Delhi. Equipped with the latest Computing Hardware and Software backed by skilled manpower. SRM provides comprehensive solutions for the industry software development needs on turnkey basis. The accent of SRM is not merely on new and emerging technologies. IT professional are more concerned with providing its clients reliable, flexible and maintainable solutions to their business problem. SRM realizes that the watchwords of yesterday â€Å"Leading Edge Technology† need to be tempered in favor of cost containment. SRM Systems and Software is here to provide expert services and support for â€Å"change management† in software systems allowing your organization to focus on its core business. SRM Systems and Software offers the expertise of experienced individual software consultants, as well as an off shore facility with a state-of-the-art information technology infrastructure and a well trained and committed staff. We at SRM provide our clients the potential for significant savings without compromises in quality or schedule. SRM Systems and Software guarantees that the software services will be delivered to the customer on time, within budge, in complete conformance means that at SRM, we are indeed â€Å" Determined to Make a Difference†. Consultancy Services SRM Systems and Software has a trained pool of Software/Hardware Engineers, specializing in the latest technologies. These engineers generally have advance degrees in their field of specialization, and undergo training to keep their skills up to date. Once a client identifies a need for additional software professional, the SRM Consultancy Division will identify and assign a person from its pool of software professional. SRM will remain the direct employer of the consultant so that the client need not make any commitment to the onsultant beyond the specific terms of its contract with SRM. This is particularly attractive in times of rapidly changing needs associated with staff size and skill sets. CHAPTER 2 PROPOSAL 2. 1 Existing System Warehouse is a place where both raw material and finished products are kept. Customer places the order and receiving the finished goods is a time consuming process that takes more than the due date. So the customer has to wait till the finished goods come. More over the warehouse started receiving more and more orders. To compete with the other warehouse and to maintain the standard of the products in the world, warehouse has to speed up the processes. All the activities such as preparing invoice customer order and maintenance of stock are done manually by the management services department. Moreover lots of paperwork has to be done along with it to handle the processing. The change of making errors is also more. The existing system does not have a systematic approach for collecting and maintaining the information about the system. To prepare the reports, nformation has to be collected and decision about the system has to be done manually. In order to have quick delivery of the finished products and to increase the profit of the organization, to maintain good relationship with customer and to reduce the manual, the work system has to be computerized. Drawbacks Warehouse receives heavy orders and processing of these order and delivery of the goods on the required date has come difficult. Moreover th e quality of the product and customer satisfaction is also necessary. For each order received, invoice has to be prepared and then delivery order is prepared. Then Goods outward note from warehouse If has to be sent along with delivery order and materials dispatched. there is any rejection of the goods then the Goods inward note for Rejection has to be prepared and goods sent to the warehouse again. If enough raw materials are not available, the warehouse has to place the purchase order. They also have to maintain the stock position and place the order at the reorder level. So going through all such procedure and then delivering of goods will consume time and so delay in delivering goods. In order to ake easier of the work and decrease the processing time of the customer order placed and dispatching the material, the system needs to be computerized. 2. 2 Proposed System The new system provides a user-friendly interactive interface. The proposed system sorts out the problem in the existing system. Proposed system works as single unit compare to that of the existing system. separate Marketing So that redundancy is reduced that is, instead of maintaining register for Purchase in the department, proposed stock a department single copy and is In department system aintained which avoid the redundancy and inconsistent problem. the proposed system, Purchase order is made through this system and invoice is checked with this order. In the proposed system, reports can be taken at any point of time. For example the pending customer order can be taken at any time. Similarly product wise list can be taken at any time of requirement. Computerizing the existing system increases the profit as well as decreases the manual work of the staff. Moreover the quality of the product is maintained and the Business turnover also increases. . 3 Feasibility Study Feasibility analysis proposes one or more conceptual solutions to the problem . Feasibility analysis tells whether the evaluation of the system is worth while it gives the idea about what the new system should look like. Three things must be done to establish feasibility. According to the above analysis my system using visual basic . net has been analyzed. Technical Feasibility This evaluation determines whether the technology needed for the proposed system is available and how it can integrate with in the organization. Technical evaluation must also assess whether the existing system can be upgraded. It was observed that exert for the few software requirements all the technological requirements whether fulfilled. So for the user requirements my system has been tested technically. Economical Feasibility This evaluation looks for financial aspects of the project for economic feasibility analysis it is necessary to compare the cost of buying the software from vendor is much more as compare to developing a new one. So we planned to develop a new system. This system was fully guaranteed to be economical. Efficiency Analysis The developed new system is tested with sample data and found to be executing at its maximum performance efficiency. The software enables the organization to carry out effective utilization after implementation, where updating of the information becomes very effective and quicker. CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION 3. 1 Hardware Requirements The hardware for the system is selected considering the factors such as CPU processing speed, memory access speed, peripheral channel speed, printer speed, seek time relational delay of hard disk and communication speed etc. The hardware specifications are as follows: Processor Processor Speed Monitor size RAM Extra Device Operating System UPS Keyboard Mouse Intel Pentium IV 600MHz 15†SVGA 256 MB 1. 44†Floppy Drive Windows NT/2000 1KVA 104 standard Keyboard Scrolling Mouse 3. 2 Software Requirements Front End Framework Operating System Back End VB. Net . Net Frame Work Windows NT Sql Server2000 CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 4. 1 What Is The . NET Framework The . NET Framework is the programming model of the . NET environment for building, deploying, and running Web-based pplications, smart client applications, and XML Web services. It manages much of the plumbing, enabling developers to focus on writing the business logic code for their applications. The . NET Framework includes the common language runtime and class libraries. Common Language Runtime The common language runtime is responsible for run time services such as language integration, security enforcement, memory, process, and threa d management. In addition, it has a role at development time when features such as life-cycle management, strong type naming, crosslanguage exception andling, dynamic binding, and so on, reduce the amount of code that a developer must write to turn business logic into a reusable component. Class Libraries Base classes provide standard functionality such as input/output, string manipulation, security management, network communications, thread management, text management, user interface design features, and other functions. The Microsoft ADO. NET data classes support persistent data management and include SQL classes for manipulating persistent data stores through a standard SQL interface. XML classes enable XML data manipulation and XML searching and translations. The Microsoft ASP. NET classes support the development of Web-based applications and XML Web services. The Windows Forms classes support the development of Windows-based smart client applications. Together, the class libraries provide a common, consistent development interface across all languages supported by the . NET Framework. Oop’s Microsoft . NET offers an object-oriented view of the Windows operating system and includes hundreds of classes that encapsulate all the most important Windows kernel objects. For example, a portion of . NET named GDI+ contains all the objects that create graphic output in a window. Depending on the specific Windows version, in the future these objects might use Windows GDI functions, the DirectX library, or even OpenGL, but as far as the developer is concerned there is only one programming model to code against. Security is built into . NET, so you don’t have to worry much about the underlying operating system’s security model. .NET security goes further than Windows security. For example, the administrator can grant or revoke individual applications the right to access the registry or the file system, among many other things. This security model is independent of the specific version of Windows the application is running on. .NET components and applications are also inherently safer than COM components and â€Å"old-style† Windows applications. For example, . NET components are automatically checked to ensure that their code hasn’t been altered. You can also sign a . NET application with a digital signature and use a technology such as Authenticode to let users know who the author of the application. Currently Microsoft offers many different technologies that accomplish different tasks. To create dynamic Web sites, you must learn Visual Basic Scripting Edition or JScript. To create high-performance databases, you must learn T-SQL. To create scalable memory-efficient components, you must use C/C++ and optionally MFC and ATL. To automate personal productivity applications (such as Microsoft Word and Excel),you must learn Visual Basic for Applications. To rapidly build GUI applications, you must learn Visual Basic. 4. 2 About Visual Basic. Net Visual Basic. Net is an extremely flexible programming product for a variety of applications. Students, managers and peoples in a variety of technical fields use Visual Basic. Net to learn how to write practical, windows-based programs; business professionals use Visual Basic. Net to write macros that leverage the documents and capabilities of their Microsoft Office applications; and experienced software developers use Visual Basic. Net to build powerful commercial applications and corporate productivity tools. Visual Basic . NET, the next generation of Visual Basic, is designed to be the easiest and most productive tool for creating . NET applications, including Windows applications, Web Services, and Web applications. While providing the traditional ease-of-use of Visual Basic development, Visual Basic . NET also allows optional use of new language features. Inheritance, method overloading, structured exception handling, and free threading all make Visual Basic a powerful objectoriented programming language. Visual Basic . NET fully integrates with the . NET Framework and the Common Language Runtime, which together provide language interoperability, simplified deployment, nhanced security, and improved versioning support. Features Of Visual Basic. Net For the several million developers using traditional Visual Basic 6, Microsoft Visual Basic . NET Step by Step will put the new VB . NET within reach with a very approachable tour of the new versions features used to build traditional client-side software. If youve been put off by the newfangled books on . NET that spin the new VB as Internet-focused and unrelated t o your existing expertise, this title shows you how to leverage your knowledge to get going with Microsofts newest platform. The salient feature of this text is the authors patient presentation style, which stresses traditional VB programming. (While VB 6 did technically support Web programming, the unarguable reality is that most developers have built form-based programs for years. ) This volume shows you how to use the same techniques for the new VB . NET. The author begins his presentation here with a clever slot-machine application to get you started. Other early sections cover the basics of VB . NET from a language perspective, including basics like variables, data types, and flow control statements. This handsomely printed volume makes use of two-toned color (in blue) to highlight differences between VB 6 in VB . NET, making it an invaluable resource for programmers making this transition. Other essential technologies get their due here as well, from basic control programming with Windows Forms, integrating with ActiveX controls, to a very approachable guide to the new ADO. NET APIs for databases. Coverage of how to bind data to a variety of controls, plus using the new VB . NET DataGrid control, will show you how to do all you did in VB 6 in the new . NET. Instead of getting bogged down in details, the author does a good job of presenting what working programmers need to know. Later chapters delve into . NET APIs for working with files, strings, and collections. This title doesnt pretend to cover ASP. NET in any detail, though there is a useful introduction to the subject, as well as how to use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Object to build VB applications that display HTML and other Internet content. One of the new features in . NET Framework 2. 0 is the support of Generics in the Intermediate Language (IL). As such, languages such as C# and VB. NET now support this new feature. Youve heard a lot about Generics in C#, but seldom hear people talk about it in VB. NET. (Note that Generics is a feature of the IL, and not specific to C# alone). And so in this article Im going to introduce Generics to the VB. NET programmer. In VB. NET, a new type known as Generics is supported. Using Generics, you do not need to fix the data type of the items used by your Stack class. Instead, you use the new keyword Of , which identifies the data type parameter on a class, structure, interface, delegate, or procedure. Internet Information Services Internet Information Services (IIS) 6. is a powerful Web server that provides a highly reliable, manageable, and scalable Web application infrastructure for all versions of Windows Server 2003. IIS helps organizations increase Web site and application availability while lowering system administration costs. IIS 6. 0 supports the Microsoft Dynamic Systems Initiative (DSI) with automated health monitorin g, process isolation, and improved management capabilities. IIS (Internet Information Server) is a group of Internet servers (including a Web or Hypertext Transfer Protocol server and a File Transfer Protocol server) with additional capabilities for Microsofts Windows NT and Windows 2000 Server operating systems. IIS is Microsofts entry to compete in the Internet server market that is also addressed by Apache, Sun Microsystems, OReilly, and others. With IIS, Microsoft includes a set of programs for building and administering Web sites, a search engine, and support for writing Web-based applications that access databases. Microsoft points out that IIS is tightly integrated with the Windows NT and 2000 Servers in a number of ways, resulting in faster Web page serving. A typical company that buys IIS can create pages for Web sites using Microsofts Front Page product . Web developers can use Microsofts Active Server Page (ASP)technology, which means that applications including ActiveX controls can be imbedded in Web pages that modify the content sent back to users. Developers can also write programs that filter requests and get the correct Web pages for different users by using Microsofts Internet Server Application Program Interface (ISAPI) interface. ASPs and ISAPI programs run more efficiently than common gateway interface (CGI) and server-side include (SSI) programs, two current technologies. Microsoft includes special capabilities for server administrators designed to appeal to Internet service providers (ISPs). It includes a single window from which all services and users can be administered. Its designed to be easy to add components as snap-ins that you didnt initially install. The administrative windows can be customized for access by individual customers. Programming Tools The Visual Basic. Net developer environment contains programming tools that help we construct our Visual Basic. Net programs. This table lists these programming tools and describes the location and purpose of each. Menubar Located at the top of the screen, the menu bar provides access to most of the commands that control the Visual Basic. Net programming environment. Menus and commands work according to standard conventions used in all windows based programs. Toolbar Located below the menu bar, the toolbar is a collection of buttons that serve as shortcuts for executing commands and controlling the Visual Basic. Net developer environment. Windows 2000/Nt Taskbar This taskbar is located along the bottom of the screen. We can use the taskbar to switch between Visual Basic. Net forms as our program runs and to activate others windows-based programs. Toolbox Controls We use special tools, called controls, to add elements of a program user interface to a form. We can find these resources in the toolbox, which is typically located along the left side of the screen. By using toolbox controls, we can add these elements to the user interface: Artwork Labels Buttons List boxes Scrollbars File system controls Timers Geometric shapes Data and OLE controls Form Window When we start Visual Basic. Net, a default form with a standard grid appears in a pane called the Window . Form. Form1. We can use the Window . Form. Form1grid to create the user interface and line up interface elements. Form Layout Window The Form Layout window is a visual design tool. With it we can control the placement of the forms in the windows environment while your program runs. Properties Window With the properties window, we can change the characteristics of the user interface elements on a form. A property setting is a characteristic of a user interface objects. Properties Window Elements A scrollable list box, which lists all the user interface elements on the form. Two tabs, which list the property settings that can be changed for each object. Project Explorer A Visual Basic program consists of several files that are linked together to make the program run. The Visual Basic development environment includes a project window to help we switch back and forth between these components as you work on a project. Code Window We enter program statements in the code window a special text editing window designed, specially for Visual Basic program code. We can display the code window in either of two ways: By clicking the view code button in the project window. By clicking the view menu code command. Immediate Window The immediate window is a programming tool that helps we debug a program while we are in break mode. When we type a statement in the code window. Visual Basic executes it and displays the output in the immediate window. Database A Database is similar to a data file in that it is a storage place for data. Like a data file, a database does not present information directly to a user; the user runs an application that accesses data from the database and presents it to the user in an understandable format. Database systems are more powerful than data files. The data is more highly organized. In a well-designed database, there are no duplicate pieces of data that the user or application has to update at the same time. Related pieces of data are grouped together in a single structure or record, and relationships can be defined between these structures and records. When working with data files, an application must be coded to work with the specific structure of each data file. In contrast, a database contains a catalog that applications use to determine how data is organized. Generic database applications can use the catalog to present users with data from different databases dynamically, without being tied to a specific data format. A database typically has two components: the files holding the physical database and the database management system (DBMS) software that applications use to access data. The DBMS is responsible for enforcing the database structure, including: †¢ Maintaining the relationships between data in the database. †¢ Ensuring that data is stored correctly and that the rules defining data relationships are not violated. Recovering all data to a point of known consistency in case of system failures. 4. 3 Structured Query Language (Sql) To work with data in a database, you must use a set of commands and statements (language) defined by the DBMS software. There are several different languages that can be used with relational databases; the most common is SQL. Standards for SQL have been defined by both the American National Stand ards Institute (ANSI) and the International Standards Organization (ISO). Most modern DBMS products support the Entry Level of SQL-92, the latest SQL standard (published in 1992). SQL Server applications can run on the same computer as SQL Server. The application connects to SQL Server using Windows Interprocess Communications (IPC) components, such as shared memory, instead of a network. This allows SQL Server to be used on small systems where an application needs to store its data locally. Desktop Database Systems While SQL Server works effectively as a server, it can also be used in applications that need stand-alone databases stored locally on the client. SQL Server can configure itself dynamically to run efficiently with the resources available on a client. CHAPTER 5 SYSTEM DESIGN 5. 1 Database Design 5. 1 Table Name: Customer This table maintain about customer details. Primary Key: Cus_id Data name Cus_id Cus_name Add1 Add2 Place Pincode Phone Fax Mail_id Data type Description Varchar(8) Customer id (Unique to Each) Varchar(50) Customer name Varchar(50) Customer address1 Varchar(50) Customer address2 Varchar(50) Customer place Bigint(8) Pin code Varchar(20) Phone number Varchar(20) Fax number Varchar(40) E-mail id 5. 2 Table Name: Supplier This table maintain about supplier details. Primary Key : Supplier_id Data type Description Data name Supplier_id Supplier_name Add1 Add2 Place Phone no Fax Mailid Varchar(8) Supplier id (Unique to Each) Varchar(50) Supplier name Varchar(50) Supplier address1 Varchar(50) Supplier address2 Varchar(50) Supplier place Varchar(20) Phone number Varchar(20) Fax number Varchar(25) E-mail id 5. 3 Table Name: Order_Details This table maintain about customer order details. Primary Key: Item code Foreign Key: Order no Data type Description Data name Order no Item code Qty-order Number(9) Order number Varchar(8) Item code Bigint(8) Quantity to be order 5. Table Name: Order Master This is the master table for customer order details. Primary Key: Cus_id, Order no Data name Data type Description Order no Number(8) Order number Cus_id Varchar(8) Customer id Order-date Date(8) Order date Deli date Date(8) Delivery date Amount Decimal(9) Total amount Advance Decimal(9) Advance paid Payment mode Varchar(20) Payment mode by customer Receipt no Number(9) Receipt number Receipt date Date(8) Rece ipt date Rec_payment_mode Varchar(20) Receipt payment mode 5. 5 Table Name: Sales Depart This table describes about sales department details. Primary Key: Item code Foreign Key: Order no Data type Description Data name Order no Item code Qty_order Stock available Number(9) Order number Varchar(8) Item code Number(9) Quantity Number(9) Stock available in warehouse 5. 6 Table Name: Invoice This table describes about the invoice details by the company. Primary Key: Invoice no Foreign Key: Order no Data name Invoice no Invoice date Order no Data type Description Number(9) Invoice number Date(8) Number(9) Invoice date Order number 5. 7 Table Name: ItemDetails This table describes about the item details which existing in the company. Primary Key: Material_id Foreign Key: Item code Data type Description Data name Item code Varchar(8) Item code Material_id Varchar(8) Material id Required Bigint(8) Material required 5. 8 Table Name: Item Master This is the master table for complete item details existing in the company. Primary Key: Item code Data name Data type Description Item code Varchar(8) Item code Item name Varchar(30) Item name Item rate Number(9) Item price Minmumqty Bigint(8) Minimum quantity Noofdays Bigint(8) Number of days to be manufacture 5. 9 Table Name: Materials This table describes about the raw material detail. Foreign Key: Material_id Data name Data type Description Material_id Varchar(8) Material id Material name Varchar(30) Material name Minimum_qty Bigint(8) Minimum quantity 5. 10 Table Name: Material Stock This is the master table for the material details. Primary Key: Material_id, Supplier_id Data name Data type Description Material_id Varchar(8) Material id Supplier_id Varchar(8) Supplier id Quantity Bigint(8) Quantity to be require Stock date Date(8) Stock date 5. 11 Table Name: Warehouse GIN This table describes about the goods inwards to the company. Primary Key: Item_id Data name Data type Description Item_id Varchar(8) Item id Qty Bigint(8) Quantity to be received Gin date Date(8) Goods received date 5. 12 Table Name: Warehouse_GON This table describes about the goods outwards from the company. Primary Key: Item_id, Invoice no Data name Invoice no Item_id Qty Gon_date Order no Data type Description Number(8) Invoice date Varchar(8) Item number Number(8) Quantity to be sent Date(8) Goods sent date Number(8) Order number 5. 13 Table Name: Warehouse_Rej This table describes about rejected goods by the company. Foreign Key: Item_id, Cus_id Date name Date type Description Cus_id Varchar(8) Customer id Item_id Varchar(8) Item id Qty Bigint(8) Rejected quantity by customer Rej_date Date(8) Item rejected date 5. 2 Data Flow Diagram DFD-Level 0 Customer 1 Customer Processing A customer Supplier 2 Supplier Processing B Supplier FIG 5. 1 DFD-Level 0 DFD-Level 1 Warehouse Management System Head Office Warehouse Factory FIG 5. 2 DFD-Level 1 DFD-Level 2 Head Office 3 C Product D E Raw Materials Item Details Item Master 4 X A F Customer Order Master 6 Invoice I H Invoice Warehouse_GON J H Warehouse GIN Warehouse_GON Warehouse Goods Inward Note J Warehouse GIN 9 Goods Rejected K Warehouse Rejected L Raw Materials GIN 13 Factory Raw mat Inwards L RawmatGIN E Raw Mat 14 Finished goods outward H Warehouse GON FIG 5. 3 DFD-Level 2 5. 3 Screen Shots Form name: Home page for HeadOffice Function : It describes the submodules inside the headoffice module Fig5. 4 Home page for HeadOffice Form name : Home page f or Warehouse Function : It describes the sub modules inside the warehouse module Fig5. 5 Home page for Warehouse Form name: Home page for Reports Function : It describes the various kinds of reports used in the project Fig5. Home page for Reports Form name Tables used Function Validation : Customer : Customer : This is used to enter the details about customers : No one field kept as a blank should enter all the details Fig5. 7 Customer Form name Tables used Function Validation : : : : Supplier Supplier This is used to enter the details about the suppliers No one field kept as a blank should enter all the details Fig5. 8 Supplier Form name : Product Master Tables used: Product master, Materials Function : This is used to enter the details about the products with their rawmaterials Validation : Must enter the Raw Material Id Fig5. 9 Product Master Form name : Tables used : Function : customers Validation : Order details Order _Details, Order Master This is used to make order for the products by the Must enter the orderno Fig5. 10 Order details Form name : Invoice Tables used : Invoice, OrderMaster Function : This is used to store the details about accounting informations. Validation : Must enter the orderno Fig5. 11 Invoice Form name : Warehouse_Goods Inward Note Tables used : Warehouse GIN Function : This is used to store the details about the goods inward to the company. Validation : No validation Fig5. 2 Warehouse_Goods Inward Note Form name : Warehouse_rej Tables used: Warehouse_Rej Function : This is used to store the details about the goods rejected by the customers. Validation : Must enter the customerid and orderno Fig5. 13 Warehouse_rej Form name :Rawmaterial Rejected Tables used:Raw_Rej Function : This is used to store the details about the rawmaterials rejected by the company. Validation : Mus t enter the materialid and supplierid Fig5. 14 Rawmaterial Rejected Reports Report name : Order Printing Function : This is used to print the order details with appropriate amount Tablesused : OrderMaster Fig5. 15 Order Printing Report name : Invoice Printing Function : This is used to print the invoice details with appropriate amount. Tables used : Invoice, OrderMaster Fig5. 16 Invoice Printing Report name : Receipt Printing Function : This is used to print the receipt details with appropriate Amount. Tables used : Receipt_det, OrderMaster Fig5. 17 Receipt Printing Report name : Rawmaterial Inward Report Function : This is used to print the details about the rawmaterials inward to the company. Tables used : Raw_inward Fig5. 18 Rawmaterial Inward Report Report name : FinishedGoods_Report Function : This is used to print the details about the the finished Goods. Tablesused : Fin_goods Fig5. 19 FinishedGoods_Report Report name : Delivery Report : This is used to print the details about the the Function goods delivered to the customers. Tablesused : Invoice, OrderMaster Fig5. 20 Delivery Report Report name : Supplier Report Function : This is used to print the details about the supplier details. Tablesused : Supplier Fig5. 21 Supplier Report 5. 4 Modules Description Warehouse management system mainly three modules namely : Head office Warehouse Factory Head office Sequence of events in the system †¢ †¢ A customer places the purchase order to head office Sales department scrutinizes the order and sends to warehouse The Head Office module have many modules they are, Customer This sub module will explain the few customer details with proper customer Id, Name and their address with phone number. By means of new button may number of customer will be added. It also got the option of both deletion and updating. Supplier This sub module will explain the few Supplier details with proper Supplier Id, Name and their address with phone number. By means of new button may number Supplier of will be added. It also got the option of both deletion and updation. Product This sub module explains the full product details with the proper product id, name, unit price, maximum quantity and if the product does not exist means by means of raw material we will add it. Raw material This sub module explains the full raw material details existing in the company got manufacture the products. It got the proper id, name with their minimum quantity. It cans also the option of ad, delete, and update. Order details This order will completely explain the products ordered by the customer. It maintains proper order no, customer no, customer id and item id with their unit price. The order date delivered date also maintained in this. Invoice This sub module will explains invoice details with the proper number, date the order number. It maintains the total amount of each product and stores the advance paid and balance amount going to pay. It also got the option of clear and print. Receipt It maintains the receipt no and name with the date. This receipt details explain the total amount and amount paid and the balance amount want to pay it got the button of both clear and print. Warehouse Warehouse checks the stock If stock of finished goods available †¢ †¢ Warehouse intimates head office for delivery order Simultaneously, warehouse will prepare GON-finished goods(goods Outward note) which is a list of items ordered by the customer. †¢ †¢ †¢ Warehouse dispatches the material A copy of GON-finished goods will be sent to sales department. If the customer rejects any of the items dispatched, it will be received inWarehouse and a GIN –finished goods (goods inward note) will bePrepared which has details of items rejected. Customer will be receiving the goods with delivery order and invoice. Delivery order will be signed by the customer and returned back as an acknowledgement to head office. If stock not available †¢ †¢ Warehouse will prepare list of finished goods needed. The list will be sent to factory. The ware house department have following modules, Goods inward It maintains the whole item details which will be enter the company. It got both new and save option. The new option mainly used to enter the item which are going to inward in the company and by means save option it will be properly saved. Goods rejected It maintains the details about the goods which are rejected by the customer by means of proper customer name, order no, with the product id and no of quantities . Raw material inward It maintains the details about the raw material details which are exist in the company to manufacture the finished goods with the proper material id and supplier id. Raw material outward It maintains the details about the raw materials which are passed to the factory with their material id, material name and no of quantity. Raw material rejected It maintains the details about the raw materials which re rejected by warehouse department to the supplier with the proper materials id, supplier id, quantity and supplier name. Factory Factory will check for raw material availability. If raw material available †¢ Factory will send the indent to manufacturing unit for producing the goods. †¢ On receipt of the indent, manufacturing unit will produce the goods and sent to warehouse. †¢ Warehouse receives the finished goods and prepares a GIN-finished goods. †¢ Warehouse prepares the GON-finished goods and dispatches the material. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ A copy of GON-finished goods will be sent to sales department. Warehouse intimates ho. HO prepares delivery order and invoice. If the customer rejects any of the items dispatched, it will be received in warehouse and a GIN-finished goods (goods inward note) will be prepared which has details of Items rejected. If raw materials not available †¢ †¢ †¢ Daily raw material requisition will be prepared by factory. On receipt of the above, warehouse will prepare purchase requisition. Head office will receive the purchase requisition and the purchase order will be Placed for the same. †¢ Materials will be received by the warehouse directly from the supplier and Prepares Gin-raw materials. If the warehouse rejects any of the raw material received, it will be dispatched to the supplier and a GON-raw materials rejections will be prepared. The factory module having the following sub modules Raw materials inward It maintains the details about the raw material which are supplied by the warehouse department with the proper raw material name and id. Finished goods It maintains the details about the finished goods which are going to deliver for a customer with proper material id , customer id. CHAPTER 6 TESTING 6. 1 Software Testing Conformance testing They are used to verify whether the tested object is a compromise to the standard. Conformance tests were verified through extensive testing of the implementation. The implementation and the system specification were found in compliance with each other. The path name of each application was confirmed for verification and existence. This conformance test is valid for our project, as our project meets the standard as specified in the requirement specification (i. e) it meets the working flow which takes place within the company. Functional testing They are used to examine the functionality of the system o be tested. Functional tests may go beyond conformance tests as they check the non-standardized features of the system under test as well. Functional tests were conducted during the development of our project. The code was tested during implementation whenever the code involved new additions. This functional test is illustrated with the following scenario of our project. The project re quired that Only Authorized persons should enter the website and only their respective transactions displayed. In case of wrong username/password, the system should indicate the user to type correct password. Performance testing These tests are used to measure the behavior of the object to be tested related to time and resources. In the implementation of this project, the performance was tested based on the load encountered by the web server and database server when accessed by a huge number of people. Here the web server – Apache Tomcat could withstand a connectivity load for 6000 to 10000 browser connections and the database, namely Oracle 8i could withstand a load of 1024 server-wide connections with maximum per user connections being 45 to 100. Unit testing Unit testing focuses on verification efforts on the smallest unit of the software design, the module. Important control paths were tested to cover errors within the boundary of the module. Unit testing can be conducted in parallel for multiple modules. This testing involves the test carried out on modules programs with individual functions and procedures, which make up modules on the system. This is also called as program testing. The programs should be tested for correctness of logic applied and should detect errors in coding. All the modules have been individually tested to determine whether they are coded correctly so that they satisfy the requirements in the specifications and execute effectively as individual units. Unit testing comprises the set test performed by an individual programmer prior to integration of the unit into a larger system. A program unit denotes a routing or a collection of routines implemented by an individual programmer. The situation is illustrated as follows: Coding Debugging Validation testing At the Unit Testing Integration Testing culmination of integration testing, software is completely assembled as a package, interfacing errors have been identified and corrected, and a final series of software tests-validation testing begins. Software validation is achieved through a series of test that demonstrate conformity with requirements. In the project, the validation testing is done with all the forms. All forms were validated completely. Names should contain only alphabets. In case of collecting rent amount, the amount paid field should contain only numeric. The validation checking also includes boundary checking wherein for example to enter an applicant name, a minimum of 3 characters and a maximum of 20 characters is kept as a boundary, where an error is prompted when we type applicant name of length less than 3 characters and more than 20 characters. Integration testing A question arises that; once modules have been unit tested and they all work individually, why they will not work properly when put together. The problem, of course is â€Å"Putting them together†. While interfacing parts can be lost across an interface one module can have an inadvertent, adverse affect on another; sub functions when combining, may not produce the desired major function. Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure while at the same time conducting testing on uncovered errors associated with interfacing. The objective is to take unit-tested modules and build a program structure that has been dictated by design. Integration testing has been performed after combining all modules and checking that no problem or error occurs after integrating the modules. In our project we have also implemented integration testing where we integrate the individually tested sections to form a single module and test whether the output is still maintained after integrating. CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS 7. 1 Conclusion This package is intended to produce accurate, adequate and timely information when needed. This system is interactive in the way that it presents all the necessary information to the user, whenever it opts the user for a keyboard response. This package is user-friendly package and ensures hassle free operation with its numerous features. Test run of the package has proved to be satisfactory. Report is generated much to the expectations and requirements of the users and management. Consumptions time has been minimized to a greater extend by the sleek design of the system. The system is flexible and changes can be made without much difficulty. 7. 2 Future Enhancements This package producing accurate, adequate and timely information when needed is basically a window based application which can be enhanced further as a web based application so that more and more branches of the same organization located in various places can use it efficiently. Making it a web-based application needs to be more powerful which can be furnished with figures and graphical representation. More and more people can understand the graphs easily which will help in the Better usage of the project. The sales that are done with over a particular Period can also be seen through graphs which will save more time and Money.

Little Prince Reaction Paper

Little Prince Reaction Paper Little Prince Reaction Paper Little Prince Reaction Paper: The Process of Writing Have got an assignment to write a reaction paper on the Little Prince but do not know what to begin with? Reading of this article will help you to put your thoughts together! So, in what way can you write a good little prince reaction paper? Lets split your work into 3 main steps: preparing, writing and checking. There is no doubt that the first stage in the preparation for writing of the little prince reaction paper is reading of this wonderful childrens story even if you have already read it. To write a reaction paper on a book you should not only have the general idea about this book (know the characters, the plot and the ending) but also make the deep analysis of it. To do that you should study the book thoroughly. After you have read the story try to analyze it: define the main idea (what Antoine de Saint-Exupry wanted to say by writing this story), characterize the main characters (the Narrator, the Little Prince, the Fo x, the Rose, the Snake, the King and others). Remember: before writing your paper you should make a thesis statement. It will be the main point that your paper will prove. Define what exactly has touched you most of all: the issue of childhood and adolescence or the idea of the protection of the world we live in, for example. In this case you will have a lot of thoughts to write in your little prince reaction paper.When writing your little prince reaction paper you should keep all the writing requirements. Do not forget that your paper should contain such parts as the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. Editing is a very important process. Re-read your little prince reaction paper thoroughly several times in order to identify and correct all grammatical, punctuation or syntactical mistakes. When getting down to your little prince reaction paper, pay attention to the following points:Never postpone your writing for the last day. Although a reaction paper is not a large work it may play a significant role in your study. Like any academic paper a reaction paper should be well-structured. Pay your attention that all the paragraphs of your little prince reaction paper should be interrelated and prove the same idea the paper thesis statement. All your thoughts should be clear and understandable.So, this information will help you to write your little prince reaction paper. Anyway, if you face any difficulties, do not hesitate to contact us! We are always ready to help you in your study!

Invasive Species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Invasive Species - Research Paper Example The Asian Tiger Mosquito The Asian tiger mosquito is one of the most highly invasive species from Southeast Asia that has found its way to the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Pacific. The main difference between this species from the other mosquitoes is that it serves as a vector of several species of virus and it does so through its unique genetic make-up as well as its excellent adaptation to the new environment. A discussion of the nature of the Asian tiger mosquito is essential in fostering awareness of a species that has a potential to be one of the most dangerous vectors of viral diseases in this planet. Awareness of a particular dangerous species brings with it the responsibility to help prevent its spread and cooperation with authorities in mitigating its harm. Findings The Asian tiger mosquito, or Aedes albopictus, is known as a vector of several emerging diseases that were once native to Southeast Asia, where the said mosquito originated, and its niche is a parasite. It is mainly an invasive species anywhere in the world except in Southeast Asia, where it is native and original (Roiz et al., 2011). The transportation of eggs mainly through used tires and Lucky Bamboo plants was the only way this insect could have spread to America, the Indo-Pacific regions, Europe and Africa. Since the first record of its presence in Italy in Genoa in 1990 during the late summer, the mosquito is believed to have spread to the rest of Italy and Europe (Roiz et al., 2011). The first discovery of the species in Europe was as early as 1979 in Albania but the country hardest hit by the invasion was Italy with around 200 cases alone in the summer of 2007. In the United States, the discovery of the mosquito was a few years later in Memphis, Tennessee in 1983 and in the next 25 years, 36 U.S. states have been invaded including several countries in Central and South America with Brazil experiencing its first Asian tiger mosquito bite in 1986. The Asian tiger mosquito is an ag gressive daytime biter and is called â€Å"tiger† because of its bright white stripes. As a native of Southeast Asia, it used to be a dominant insect in the natural reservoirs including tree holes, vases, pots, buckets and vegetation. Moreover, the millions of tires shipped each year between Japan and Germany and the United States because of the use of recaps and the strict rules governing wear and tear of these tires may actually contain water that could hold Asian tiger mosquito larvae and more importantly eggs that are drought-resistant and can survive a comfortable, sheltered journey until they reach their destination (Enserink, 2008). One change that the Asian tiger mosquito has brought to the native and invaded ecosystems was disease. The Asian tiger mosquito is responsible for dengue and chikungunya fever. The chikungunya virus was believed to have undergone a single-nucleotide genetic mutation in the Indian mutation outbreak order for it to be able to use the Asian ti ger mosquito as a vector (Enserink, 2008). However, although the species is less invasive than the Aedes aegypti in spreading dengue, the Asian tiger mosquito is becoming increasingly important because its global distribution is rapidly changing. Other outbreaks of diseases caused by the Asian tiger mosquito include the dengue outbreaks in Hawaii from 2001 to 2002, in China in 2004, in Madagascar in 2006, and in Gabon

In What Ways Does the Choice of an Epistemological Perspective or Essay

In What Ways Does the Choice of an Epistemological Perspective or Stance Influence the Formulation of a Management Research - Essay Example The paper additionally examines issues like empiricism, constructivism, idealism, rationalism, and their influences on the formulation of a research in the field of management. Epistemology is a branch of the philosophical field that is mainly concerned with the nature and limitations of knowledge. The field addresses such issues as what knowledge is, how it can be acquired, and the extent to which it applies to certain entities (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). Epistemological perspectives are the different ways in which different people view knowledge, its nature and scope. There are different epistemological perspectives that can be used in the formulation of a management research; they range from empiricism, idealism, and rationalism to constructivism (Fumerton, 2006). In order to overcome the difficulties that may be encountered in formulating the management research the concepts of infinitism, foundationalism, and coherentism may be utilized (Krishnaswamy, Sivakumar a nd Mathirajan, 2009). Empiricism is a concept that emphasizes the role that experience plays when one formulates a management research. It is basically a conjecture of knowledge that emphasizes the use of the perceptual observations that we make through our senses (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). ... On the other hand, rationalism emphasizes the epistemologically privileged statuses of data that we have collected through our senses. It additionally emphasizes the dominance of reasoning and consists of abstracts, theory, and borrowings from empirical studies (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). When formulating a management research using epistemology, an individual has to collect data before he or she can utilize the knowledge acquired. Doing this, an individual will be able to make appropriate decisions (Audi, 2010). Many challenges may be encountered in the collection of data that may eventually lead to misinterpretation. Data may be incorrectly interpreted due to the fact that different people possess different forms of knowledge along with levels of understanding (Fumerton, 2006). A lot of time is additionally lost when references are made to previous empirical studies that have been carried out, though they are important in ensuring the best decisions in regard to dif ferent aspects in management that are to be resolved. After researching the studies of previous researchers, an individual will have the empirical material that can help avoid the obstacles encountered by others (Krishnaswamy, Sivakumar and Mathirajan, 2009). According to Fumerton (2006), a lot of consultations have to be made before an appropriate decision can be implemented for the purpose of solving the problems facing a business venture. Rationalism enables to epistemologically reason out a problem before one can come to a decision as to the best solution. It additionally helps researchers overcome any errors they may have made when formulating

What gendered relationship(s) does your cultural role or practice Essay

What gendered relationship(s) does your cultural role or practice encourage - Essay Example Basically, gender is developed under the influence of culture. Male or female gender roles have been shaped in certain social and national contexts. Therefore, culture depends on gender roles and gender roles depend on culture. If we try to speak figuratively, a dilemma of culture-gender relationship interdependence may be compared with a chicken and egg riddle. Gender role and culture relationship In the context of a given situation on the example taken from Bangladesh and Cambodian cultures, we would further claim that gender role and culture interdependence has been currently interpreted from a different perspective: i.e. with the cultural changes in these countries, gender roles have been also gradually changed. Situation 1 In Bangladesh, like in many other countries, there have always existed differences between â€Å"women’s/men’s work†. With the growth of garment trade policies in this country, many women became a part of a labor force. The norms of purdah (female seclusion) have been changed and women became employees in this field of activity. Moreover, earlier women were not greatly visible in the city of Dhaka, but there is much more women in the streets than earlier. Consequently, we can suppose that there is a consequent shift in women’s roles in their families and at work. We can explain this change of gender role as the result of socio-economical situation in the country. Further on, these changes were borrowed by culture and finally, they were reflected on women’s gender roles. Situation 2 The following changes of gender roles shown on the example of Cambodian culture had different triggers. It is possible to illustrate gender role change in Cambodia by the following saying: â€Å"men are a piece of gold, and women are a piece of cloth. The piece of gold, when it is dropped in mud, is still a piece of gold. But a piece of cloth, once it’s stained, it’s stained forever† (Questions about Culture). Currently, modern Cambodian women do not want to live their lives in accordance with this saying. They consider it to be unfair and irrelevant. There is a need for social justice and equal attitude to men and women. For example, male criminals cannot be considered â€Å"a piece of gold† and widows should have a chance to put a virginal piece of cloth on them. As far as we can see, political, social and economical triggers have launched gender role-cultural accents shift in Cambodia. Therefore, from a modern westerner’s point of view, it is relevant to claim that gender role principles explained by Virginia Woolf are not relevant to the greatest extent. Bangladesh or Cambodia does not have enough money, but their women are on their road to fight for their renovated and reinterpreted gender roles. The ideas of Brady, Pollitt and Tannen may be foun d more relevant in the modern context. Social stereotypes, political, social and economical changes have reached the minds of contemporaries and have triggered changes in gender roles. Therefore, in order to encourage equal and fair opportunities for further development of self-identities, personal professionalism directed on favorable social interactions between men and women, it is relevant to introduce political, social and economical changes internationally. Moreover, a western position concerning equal relationships between men and women is on the way of implementation in the countries of the Third World. Thus, it should be noted that gender role perception in the

Bio-fuels Essay Example for Free

Bio-fuels Essay Advantages: The actual aim of biofuels is to be carbon neutral. Potentially they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions when you compare them to conventional transport fuels, but this ability depends on the way you produce these biofuels. In reality biofuels aren’t carbon neutral because they actually require energy to grow the crops and to convert them into fuel. However, biofuels could still be more environmentally friendly then other fossil alternatives. They can save up to 60% of the carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels, and second generation biofuels can offer savings of about 80%. Another advantage of biofuels is that they save money of drivers. Governments have introduced many incentives to drivers of the well-known green cars who are based on emissions, who come with reduced taxation. And because the petrol prices are rising, if you then would replace the petroleum with a renewable energy source it should actually offer high savings at the pump in the long term, especially when the availability of biofuels will rise. Disadvantages: However, there have been some arguments that biofuel isn’t as positive as it had been portrayed and thought of. The following points are some of the several concerns about biofuels: * Biodiversity: This has been feared a lot lately, because when adapting more land to produce the crops needed for biofuels, the consequence would be that more habitats would be lost for animals and wild plants. * Food versus fuel debate: Another concern is that if biofuels become attractive for farmers they’ll decide that they may want to grow crops for biofuel production instead of for food production. If less food is produced that will lead to the increase of prices and also cause a rise in inflation. A way to counter this problem is by second generation biofuels which use waste biomass, but then again that will also impact the habitat of many organisms. Due to the food price increase, around 100 million people are at risk and then especially in the developing countries. * Carbon emissions: Most of the investigations do indicate that by burning biofuels it does actually reduce the greenhouse gas emissions when you would compare it to petroleum and diesel. But lately studies have been published that show that the burning of e.g. corn can contribute as much to nitrous oxide emissions than cooling through fossil fuel savings. * Non-sustainable biofuel production: Many first generation biofuels aren’t sustainable. And it is necessary to create biofuel production that doesn’t affect the production of food and also what doesn’t affect any other environmental problems. And because there has been lots of criticism of the production of non-sustainable biofuels many governments have switched their support to sustainable biofuels and other alternatives. Why controversial? Biofuels have been blamed for pushing up the food prices, that they couldn’t meet the environmental standards, they themselves have caused for the demand of water and nitrate fertilizers and they have encouraged the destruction of natural habitats e.g. the rainforest. And still it’s an controversy which governments have been struggling to solve. What has also been revealed is that the companies who actually use biofuels haven’t been able to fully report the sustainability of them. But even though we associate environmental damage with the production of biofuels we should not immediately think that all biofuels are bad. The production of biofuels is still developing, and as new fuel technologies are being made the situation could radically change and we may be able to adjust the impact on the environment to a small percentage. After having seen the positive and negative sides of biofuels you could wonder is biofuels are really worth it. On one hand they could actually reduce the carbon emissions and help save you some money. But they also negatively impact the habitat of many species and aren’t necessarily efficient enough at producing the energy that they are required to make. So there are two completely different sides to biofuels which explains why the topic biofuels has been so controversial lately in the 21th century and why we are all now discussing if we should go on producing biofuels or not.