Warehouse Management free essay sample

Warehouse deals with wide range of computer spares like drivers, monitors, add-on cards and multimedia products etc. For that, they need several materials and components. To get better and sufficient components with least cost and with better quality they place the order to the suppliers to accomplish the purchase task. After receiving the required material the finished goods are prepared and dispatched. Service for finished goods are done. As the first step, the Customer places the purchase order to the Head Office. If all the terms and conditions are satisfied, it sends the purchase order to the Warehouse management department. The Warehouse department keys-in the purchase order and if the stocks are available for the purchase order, the warehouse department sends the goods to the Customer along with a delivery note. A copy of the delivery note is sent to the HO and it produces the invoice, which is sent to the customer. We will write a custom essay sample on Warehouse Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the Warehouse, if the quantity on hand value of the products becomes less than that of the re-order level of the product. The warehouse places an order to the supplier seeking for the product with their quantity mentioned. These details are noted down as in the order details of the warehouse. When the stock arrives from the supplier to the warehouse, Raw materials inward note is prepared. After inspection of the goods, the goods that are turned to be good and without any defects are accepted. Warehouse also maintains the details of the Category of product and the Amenities attached to the Category of the product. The Warehouse has the writes to Cancel any Order placed to the supplier incase there is any delay. The reliable report makes the process more comfortable. 1. 2 Company Profile SRM SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE is a company committed to provide support to small, medium and large corporations in the development and management of software essential to their needs over the entire life cycle of a project or system. All corporations, regardless of size, need to process enormous amounts of data in support of the dayto-day operation of the company and the dependence on a corporate information system and up-grade the existing ones. In seeking efficient and cost-effective approaches to manage change, many companies have found outsourcing to be particularly attractive. SRM Systems and Software Private Limited has been established in 1998 with the objective of providing software solutions to the Domestic and Export markets as well as for developing highly skilled manpower in specialized areas of Information Technology. Promoted by a group of highly qualified Engineering Managers. SRM has its offices at Austin, Boston, Chennai, and in Delhi. Equipped with the latest Computing Hardware and Software backed by skilled manpower. SRM provides comprehensive solutions for the industry software development needs on turnkey basis. The accent of SRM is not merely on new and emerging technologies. IT professional are more concerned with providing its clients reliable, flexible and maintainable solutions to their business problem. SRM realizes that the watchwords of yesterday â€Å"Leading Edge Technology† need to be tempered in favor of cost containment. SRM Systems and Software is here to provide expert services and support for â€Å"change management† in software systems allowing your organization to focus on its core business. SRM Systems and Software offers the expertise of experienced individual software consultants, as well as an off shore facility with a state-of-the-art information technology infrastructure and a well trained and committed staff. We at SRM provide our clients the potential for significant savings without compromises in quality or schedule. SRM Systems and Software guarantees that the software services will be delivered to the customer on time, within budge, in complete conformance means that at SRM, we are indeed â€Å" Determined to Make a Difference†. Consultancy Services SRM Systems and Software has a trained pool of Software/Hardware Engineers, specializing in the latest technologies. These engineers generally have advance degrees in their field of specialization, and undergo training to keep their skills up to date. Once a client identifies a need for additional software professional, the SRM Consultancy Division will identify and assign a person from its pool of software professional. SRM will remain the direct employer of the consultant so that the client need not make any commitment to the onsultant beyond the specific terms of its contract with SRM. This is particularly attractive in times of rapidly changing needs associated with staff size and skill sets. CHAPTER 2 PROPOSAL 2. 1 Existing System Warehouse is a place where both raw material and finished products are kept. Customer places the order and receiving the finished goods is a time consuming process that takes more than the due date. So the customer has to wait till the finished goods come. More over the warehouse started receiving more and more orders. To compete with the other warehouse and to maintain the standard of the products in the world, warehouse has to speed up the processes. All the activities such as preparing invoice customer order and maintenance of stock are done manually by the management services department. Moreover lots of paperwork has to be done along with it to handle the processing. The change of making errors is also more. The existing system does not have a systematic approach for collecting and maintaining the information about the system. To prepare the reports, nformation has to be collected and decision about the system has to be done manually. In order to have quick delivery of the finished products and to increase the profit of the organization, to maintain good relationship with customer and to reduce the manual, the work system has to be computerized. Drawbacks Warehouse receives heavy orders and processing of these order and delivery of the goods on the required date has come difficult. Moreover th e quality of the product and customer satisfaction is also necessary. For each order received, invoice has to be prepared and then delivery order is prepared. Then Goods outward note from warehouse If has to be sent along with delivery order and materials dispatched. there is any rejection of the goods then the Goods inward note for Rejection has to be prepared and goods sent to the warehouse again. If enough raw materials are not available, the warehouse has to place the purchase order. They also have to maintain the stock position and place the order at the reorder level. So going through all such procedure and then delivering of goods will consume time and so delay in delivering goods. In order to ake easier of the work and decrease the processing time of the customer order placed and dispatching the material, the system needs to be computerized. 2. 2 Proposed System The new system provides a user-friendly interactive interface. The proposed system sorts out the problem in the existing system. Proposed system works as single unit compare to that of the existing system. separate Marketing So that redundancy is reduced that is, instead of maintaining register for Purchase in the department, proposed stock a department single copy and is In department system aintained which avoid the redundancy and inconsistent problem. the proposed system, Purchase order is made through this system and invoice is checked with this order. In the proposed system, reports can be taken at any point of time. For example the pending customer order can be taken at any time. Similarly product wise list can be taken at any time of requirement. Computerizing the existing system increases the profit as well as decreases the manual work of the staff. Moreover the quality of the product is maintained and the Business turnover also increases. . 3 Feasibility Study Feasibility analysis proposes one or more conceptual solutions to the problem . Feasibility analysis tells whether the evaluation of the system is worth while it gives the idea about what the new system should look like. Three things must be done to establish feasibility. According to the above analysis my system using visual basic . net has been analyzed. Technical Feasibility This evaluation determines whether the technology needed for the proposed system is available and how it can integrate with in the organization. Technical evaluation must also assess whether the existing system can be upgraded. It was observed that exert for the few software requirements all the technological requirements whether fulfilled. So for the user requirements my system has been tested technically. Economical Feasibility This evaluation looks for financial aspects of the project for economic feasibility analysis it is necessary to compare the cost of buying the software from vendor is much more as compare to developing a new one. So we planned to develop a new system. This system was fully guaranteed to be economical. Efficiency Analysis The developed new system is tested with sample data and found to be executing at its maximum performance efficiency. The software enables the organization to carry out effective utilization after implementation, where updating of the information becomes very effective and quicker. CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION 3. 1 Hardware Requirements The hardware for the system is selected considering the factors such as CPU processing speed, memory access speed, peripheral channel speed, printer speed, seek time relational delay of hard disk and communication speed etc. The hardware specifications are as follows: Processor Processor Speed Monitor size RAM Extra Device Operating System UPS Keyboard Mouse Intel Pentium IV 600MHz 15†SVGA 256 MB 1. 44†Floppy Drive Windows NT/2000 1KVA 104 standard Keyboard Scrolling Mouse 3. 2 Software Requirements Front End Framework Operating System Back End VB. Net . Net Frame Work Windows NT Sql Server2000 CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 4. 1 What Is The . NET Framework The . NET Framework is the programming model of the . NET environment for building, deploying, and running Web-based pplications, smart client applications, and XML Web services. It manages much of the plumbing, enabling developers to focus on writing the business logic code for their applications. The . NET Framework includes the common language runtime and class libraries. Common Language Runtime The common language runtime is responsible for run time services such as language integration, security enforcement, memory, process, and threa d management. In addition, it has a role at development time when features such as life-cycle management, strong type naming, crosslanguage exception andling, dynamic binding, and so on, reduce the amount of code that a developer must write to turn business logic into a reusable component. Class Libraries Base classes provide standard functionality such as input/output, string manipulation, security management, network communications, thread management, text management, user interface design features, and other functions. The Microsoft ADO. NET data classes support persistent data management and include SQL classes for manipulating persistent data stores through a standard SQL interface. XML classes enable XML data manipulation and XML searching and translations. The Microsoft ASP. NET classes support the development of Web-based applications and XML Web services. The Windows Forms classes support the development of Windows-based smart client applications. Together, the class libraries provide a common, consistent development interface across all languages supported by the . NET Framework. Oop’s Microsoft . NET offers an object-oriented view of the Windows operating system and includes hundreds of classes that encapsulate all the most important Windows kernel objects. For example, a portion of . NET named GDI+ contains all the objects that create graphic output in a window. Depending on the specific Windows version, in the future these objects might use Windows GDI functions, the DirectX library, or even OpenGL, but as far as the developer is concerned there is only one programming model to code against. Security is built into . NET, so you don’t have to worry much about the underlying operating system’s security model. .NET security goes further than Windows security. For example, the administrator can grant or revoke individual applications the right to access the registry or the file system, among many other things. This security model is independent of the specific version of Windows the application is running on. .NET components and applications are also inherently safer than COM components and â€Å"old-style† Windows applications. For example, . NET components are automatically checked to ensure that their code hasn’t been altered. You can also sign a . NET application with a digital signature and use a technology such as Authenticode to let users know who the author of the application. Currently Microsoft offers many different technologies that accomplish different tasks. To create dynamic Web sites, you must learn Visual Basic Scripting Edition or JScript. To create high-performance databases, you must learn T-SQL. To create scalable memory-efficient components, you must use C/C++ and optionally MFC and ATL. To automate personal productivity applications (such as Microsoft Word and Excel),you must learn Visual Basic for Applications. To rapidly build GUI applications, you must learn Visual Basic. 4. 2 About Visual Basic. Net Visual Basic. Net is an extremely flexible programming product for a variety of applications. Students, managers and peoples in a variety of technical fields use Visual Basic. Net to learn how to write practical, windows-based programs; business professionals use Visual Basic. Net to write macros that leverage the documents and capabilities of their Microsoft Office applications; and experienced software developers use Visual Basic. Net to build powerful commercial applications and corporate productivity tools. Visual Basic . NET, the next generation of Visual Basic, is designed to be the easiest and most productive tool for creating . NET applications, including Windows applications, Web Services, and Web applications. While providing the traditional ease-of-use of Visual Basic development, Visual Basic . NET also allows optional use of new language features. Inheritance, method overloading, structured exception handling, and free threading all make Visual Basic a powerful objectoriented programming language. Visual Basic . NET fully integrates with the . NET Framework and the Common Language Runtime, which together provide language interoperability, simplified deployment, nhanced security, and improved versioning support. Features Of Visual Basic. Net For the several million developers using traditional Visual Basic 6, Microsoft Visual Basic . NET Step by Step will put the new VB . NET within reach with a very approachable tour of the new versions features used to build traditional client-side software. If youve been put off by the newfangled books on . NET that spin the new VB as Internet-focused and unrelated t o your existing expertise, this title shows you how to leverage your knowledge to get going with Microsofts newest platform. The salient feature of this text is the authors patient presentation style, which stresses traditional VB programming. (While VB 6 did technically support Web programming, the unarguable reality is that most developers have built form-based programs for years. ) This volume shows you how to use the same techniques for the new VB . NET. The author begins his presentation here with a clever slot-machine application to get you started. Other early sections cover the basics of VB . NET from a language perspective, including basics like variables, data types, and flow control statements. This handsomely printed volume makes use of two-toned color (in blue) to highlight differences between VB 6 in VB . NET, making it an invaluable resource for programmers making this transition. Other essential technologies get their due here as well, from basic control programming with Windows Forms, integrating with ActiveX controls, to a very approachable guide to the new ADO. NET APIs for databases. Coverage of how to bind data to a variety of controls, plus using the new VB . NET DataGrid control, will show you how to do all you did in VB 6 in the new . NET. Instead of getting bogged down in details, the author does a good job of presenting what working programmers need to know. Later chapters delve into . NET APIs for working with files, strings, and collections. This title doesnt pretend to cover ASP. NET in any detail, though there is a useful introduction to the subject, as well as how to use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Object to build VB applications that display HTML and other Internet content. One of the new features in . NET Framework 2. 0 is the support of Generics in the Intermediate Language (IL). As such, languages such as C# and VB. NET now support this new feature. Youve heard a lot about Generics in C#, but seldom hear people talk about it in VB. NET. (Note that Generics is a feature of the IL, and not specific to C# alone). And so in this article Im going to introduce Generics to the VB. NET programmer. In VB. NET, a new type known as Generics is supported. Using Generics, you do not need to fix the data type of the items used by your Stack class. Instead, you use the new keyword Of , which identifies the data type parameter on a class, structure, interface, delegate, or procedure. Internet Information Services Internet Information Services (IIS) 6. is a powerful Web server that provides a highly reliable, manageable, and scalable Web application infrastructure for all versions of Windows Server 2003. IIS helps organizations increase Web site and application availability while lowering system administration costs. IIS 6. 0 supports the Microsoft Dynamic Systems Initiative (DSI) with automated health monitorin g, process isolation, and improved management capabilities. IIS (Internet Information Server) is a group of Internet servers (including a Web or Hypertext Transfer Protocol server and a File Transfer Protocol server) with additional capabilities for Microsofts Windows NT and Windows 2000 Server operating systems. IIS is Microsofts entry to compete in the Internet server market that is also addressed by Apache, Sun Microsystems, OReilly, and others. With IIS, Microsoft includes a set of programs for building and administering Web sites, a search engine, and support for writing Web-based applications that access databases. Microsoft points out that IIS is tightly integrated with the Windows NT and 2000 Servers in a number of ways, resulting in faster Web page serving. A typical company that buys IIS can create pages for Web sites using Microsofts Front Page product . Web developers can use Microsofts Active Server Page (ASP)technology, which means that applications including ActiveX controls can be imbedded in Web pages that modify the content sent back to users. Developers can also write programs that filter requests and get the correct Web pages for different users by using Microsofts Internet Server Application Program Interface (ISAPI) interface. ASPs and ISAPI programs run more efficiently than common gateway interface (CGI) and server-side include (SSI) programs, two current technologies. Microsoft includes special capabilities for server administrators designed to appeal to Internet service providers (ISPs). It includes a single window from which all services and users can be administered. Its designed to be easy to add components as snap-ins that you didnt initially install. The administrative windows can be customized for access by individual customers. Programming Tools The Visual Basic. Net developer environment contains programming tools that help we construct our Visual Basic. Net programs. This table lists these programming tools and describes the location and purpose of each. Menubar Located at the top of the screen, the menu bar provides access to most of the commands that control the Visual Basic. Net programming environment. Menus and commands work according to standard conventions used in all windows based programs. Toolbar Located below the menu bar, the toolbar is a collection of buttons that serve as shortcuts for executing commands and controlling the Visual Basic. Net developer environment. Windows 2000/Nt Taskbar This taskbar is located along the bottom of the screen. We can use the taskbar to switch between Visual Basic. Net forms as our program runs and to activate others windows-based programs. Toolbox Controls We use special tools, called controls, to add elements of a program user interface to a form. We can find these resources in the toolbox, which is typically located along the left side of the screen. By using toolbox controls, we can add these elements to the user interface: Artwork Labels Buttons List boxes Scrollbars File system controls Timers Geometric shapes Data and OLE controls Form Window When we start Visual Basic. Net, a default form with a standard grid appears in a pane called the Window . Form. Form1. We can use the Window . Form. Form1grid to create the user interface and line up interface elements. Form Layout Window The Form Layout window is a visual design tool. With it we can control the placement of the forms in the windows environment while your program runs. Properties Window With the properties window, we can change the characteristics of the user interface elements on a form. A property setting is a characteristic of a user interface objects. Properties Window Elements A scrollable list box, which lists all the user interface elements on the form. Two tabs, which list the property settings that can be changed for each object. Project Explorer A Visual Basic program consists of several files that are linked together to make the program run. The Visual Basic development environment includes a project window to help we switch back and forth between these components as you work on a project. Code Window We enter program statements in the code window a special text editing window designed, specially for Visual Basic program code. We can display the code window in either of two ways: By clicking the view code button in the project window. By clicking the view menu code command. Immediate Window The immediate window is a programming tool that helps we debug a program while we are in break mode. When we type a statement in the code window. Visual Basic executes it and displays the output in the immediate window. Database A Database is similar to a data file in that it is a storage place for data. Like a data file, a database does not present information directly to a user; the user runs an application that accesses data from the database and presents it to the user in an understandable format. Database systems are more powerful than data files. The data is more highly organized. In a well-designed database, there are no duplicate pieces of data that the user or application has to update at the same time. Related pieces of data are grouped together in a single structure or record, and relationships can be defined between these structures and records. When working with data files, an application must be coded to work with the specific structure of each data file. In contrast, a database contains a catalog that applications use to determine how data is organized. Generic database applications can use the catalog to present users with data from different databases dynamically, without being tied to a specific data format. A database typically has two components: the files holding the physical database and the database management system (DBMS) software that applications use to access data. The DBMS is responsible for enforcing the database structure, including: †¢ Maintaining the relationships between data in the database. †¢ Ensuring that data is stored correctly and that the rules defining data relationships are not violated. Recovering all data to a point of known consistency in case of system failures. 4. 3 Structured Query Language (Sql) To work with data in a database, you must use a set of commands and statements (language) defined by the DBMS software. There are several different languages that can be used with relational databases; the most common is SQL. Standards for SQL have been defined by both the American National Stand ards Institute (ANSI) and the International Standards Organization (ISO). Most modern DBMS products support the Entry Level of SQL-92, the latest SQL standard (published in 1992). SQL Server applications can run on the same computer as SQL Server. The application connects to SQL Server using Windows Interprocess Communications (IPC) components, such as shared memory, instead of a network. This allows SQL Server to be used on small systems where an application needs to store its data locally. Desktop Database Systems While SQL Server works effectively as a server, it can also be used in applications that need stand-alone databases stored locally on the client. SQL Server can configure itself dynamically to run efficiently with the resources available on a client. CHAPTER 5 SYSTEM DESIGN 5. 1 Database Design 5. 1 Table Name: Customer This table maintain about customer details. Primary Key: Cus_id Data name Cus_id Cus_name Add1 Add2 Place Pincode Phone Fax Mail_id Data type Description Varchar(8) Customer id (Unique to Each) Varchar(50) Customer name Varchar(50) Customer address1 Varchar(50) Customer address2 Varchar(50) Customer place Bigint(8) Pin code Varchar(20) Phone number Varchar(20) Fax number Varchar(40) E-mail id 5. 2 Table Name: Supplier This table maintain about supplier details. Primary Key : Supplier_id Data type Description Data name Supplier_id Supplier_name Add1 Add2 Place Phone no Fax Mailid Varchar(8) Supplier id (Unique to Each) Varchar(50) Supplier name Varchar(50) Supplier address1 Varchar(50) Supplier address2 Varchar(50) Supplier place Varchar(20) Phone number Varchar(20) Fax number Varchar(25) E-mail id 5. 3 Table Name: Order_Details This table maintain about customer order details. Primary Key: Item code Foreign Key: Order no Data type Description Data name Order no Item code Qty-order Number(9) Order number Varchar(8) Item code Bigint(8) Quantity to be order 5. Table Name: Order Master This is the master table for customer order details. Primary Key: Cus_id, Order no Data name Data type Description Order no Number(8) Order number Cus_id Varchar(8) Customer id Order-date Date(8) Order date Deli date Date(8) Delivery date Amount Decimal(9) Total amount Advance Decimal(9) Advance paid Payment mode Varchar(20) Payment mode by customer Receipt no Number(9) Receipt number Receipt date Date(8) Rece ipt date Rec_payment_mode Varchar(20) Receipt payment mode 5. 5 Table Name: Sales Depart This table describes about sales department details. Primary Key: Item code Foreign Key: Order no Data type Description Data name Order no Item code Qty_order Stock available Number(9) Order number Varchar(8) Item code Number(9) Quantity Number(9) Stock available in warehouse 5. 6 Table Name: Invoice This table describes about the invoice details by the company. Primary Key: Invoice no Foreign Key: Order no Data name Invoice no Invoice date Order no Data type Description Number(9) Invoice number Date(8) Number(9) Invoice date Order number 5. 7 Table Name: ItemDetails This table describes about the item details which existing in the company. Primary Key: Material_id Foreign Key: Item code Data type Description Data name Item code Varchar(8) Item code Material_id Varchar(8) Material id Required Bigint(8) Material required 5. 8 Table Name: Item Master This is the master table for complete item details existing in the company. Primary Key: Item code Data name Data type Description Item code Varchar(8) Item code Item name Varchar(30) Item name Item rate Number(9) Item price Minmumqty Bigint(8) Minimum quantity Noofdays Bigint(8) Number of days to be manufacture 5. 9 Table Name: Materials This table describes about the raw material detail. Foreign Key: Material_id Data name Data type Description Material_id Varchar(8) Material id Material name Varchar(30) Material name Minimum_qty Bigint(8) Minimum quantity 5. 10 Table Name: Material Stock This is the master table for the material details. Primary Key: Material_id, Supplier_id Data name Data type Description Material_id Varchar(8) Material id Supplier_id Varchar(8) Supplier id Quantity Bigint(8) Quantity to be require Stock date Date(8) Stock date 5. 11 Table Name: Warehouse GIN This table describes about the goods inwards to the company. Primary Key: Item_id Data name Data type Description Item_id Varchar(8) Item id Qty Bigint(8) Quantity to be received Gin date Date(8) Goods received date 5. 12 Table Name: Warehouse_GON This table describes about the goods outwards from the company. Primary Key: Item_id, Invoice no Data name Invoice no Item_id Qty Gon_date Order no Data type Description Number(8) Invoice date Varchar(8) Item number Number(8) Quantity to be sent Date(8) Goods sent date Number(8) Order number 5. 13 Table Name: Warehouse_Rej This table describes about rejected goods by the company. Foreign Key: Item_id, Cus_id Date name Date type Description Cus_id Varchar(8) Customer id Item_id Varchar(8) Item id Qty Bigint(8) Rejected quantity by customer Rej_date Date(8) Item rejected date 5. 2 Data Flow Diagram DFD-Level 0 Customer 1 Customer Processing A customer Supplier 2 Supplier Processing B Supplier FIG 5. 1 DFD-Level 0 DFD-Level 1 Warehouse Management System Head Office Warehouse Factory FIG 5. 2 DFD-Level 1 DFD-Level 2 Head Office 3 C Product D E Raw Materials Item Details Item Master 4 X A F Customer Order Master 6 Invoice I H Invoice Warehouse_GON J H Warehouse GIN Warehouse_GON Warehouse Goods Inward Note J Warehouse GIN 9 Goods Rejected K Warehouse Rejected L Raw Materials GIN 13 Factory Raw mat Inwards L RawmatGIN E Raw Mat 14 Finished goods outward H Warehouse GON FIG 5. 3 DFD-Level 2 5. 3 Screen Shots Form name: Home page for HeadOffice Function : It describes the submodules inside the headoffice module Fig5. 4 Home page for HeadOffice Form name : Home page f or Warehouse Function : It describes the sub modules inside the warehouse module Fig5. 5 Home page for Warehouse Form name: Home page for Reports Function : It describes the various kinds of reports used in the project Fig5. Home page for Reports Form name Tables used Function Validation : Customer : Customer : This is used to enter the details about customers : No one field kept as a blank should enter all the details Fig5. 7 Customer Form name Tables used Function Validation : : : : Supplier Supplier This is used to enter the details about the suppliers No one field kept as a blank should enter all the details Fig5. 8 Supplier Form name : Product Master Tables used: Product master, Materials Function : This is used to enter the details about the products with their rawmaterials Validation : Must enter the Raw Material Id Fig5. 9 Product Master Form name : Tables used : Function : customers Validation : Order details Order _Details, Order Master This is used to make order for the products by the Must enter the orderno Fig5. 10 Order details Form name : Invoice Tables used : Invoice, OrderMaster Function : This is used to store the details about accounting informations. Validation : Must enter the orderno Fig5. 11 Invoice Form name : Warehouse_Goods Inward Note Tables used : Warehouse GIN Function : This is used to store the details about the goods inward to the company. Validation : No validation Fig5. 2 Warehouse_Goods Inward Note Form name : Warehouse_rej Tables used: Warehouse_Rej Function : This is used to store the details about the goods rejected by the customers. Validation : Must enter the customerid and orderno Fig5. 13 Warehouse_rej Form name :Rawmaterial Rejected Tables used:Raw_Rej Function : This is used to store the details about the rawmaterials rejected by the company. Validation : Mus t enter the materialid and supplierid Fig5. 14 Rawmaterial Rejected Reports Report name : Order Printing Function : This is used to print the order details with appropriate amount Tablesused : OrderMaster Fig5. 15 Order Printing Report name : Invoice Printing Function : This is used to print the invoice details with appropriate amount. Tables used : Invoice, OrderMaster Fig5. 16 Invoice Printing Report name : Receipt Printing Function : This is used to print the receipt details with appropriate Amount. Tables used : Receipt_det, OrderMaster Fig5. 17 Receipt Printing Report name : Rawmaterial Inward Report Function : This is used to print the details about the rawmaterials inward to the company. Tables used : Raw_inward Fig5. 18 Rawmaterial Inward Report Report name : FinishedGoods_Report Function : This is used to print the details about the the finished Goods. Tablesused : Fin_goods Fig5. 19 FinishedGoods_Report Report name : Delivery Report : This is used to print the details about the the Function goods delivered to the customers. Tablesused : Invoice, OrderMaster Fig5. 20 Delivery Report Report name : Supplier Report Function : This is used to print the details about the supplier details. Tablesused : Supplier Fig5. 21 Supplier Report 5. 4 Modules Description Warehouse management system mainly three modules namely : Head office Warehouse Factory Head office Sequence of events in the system †¢ †¢ A customer places the purchase order to head office Sales department scrutinizes the order and sends to warehouse The Head Office module have many modules they are, Customer This sub module will explain the few customer details with proper customer Id, Name and their address with phone number. By means of new button may number of customer will be added. It also got the option of both deletion and updating. Supplier This sub module will explain the few Supplier details with proper Supplier Id, Name and their address with phone number. By means of new button may number Supplier of will be added. It also got the option of both deletion and updation. Product This sub module explains the full product details with the proper product id, name, unit price, maximum quantity and if the product does not exist means by means of raw material we will add it. Raw material This sub module explains the full raw material details existing in the company got manufacture the products. It got the proper id, name with their minimum quantity. It cans also the option of ad, delete, and update. Order details This order will completely explain the products ordered by the customer. It maintains proper order no, customer no, customer id and item id with their unit price. The order date delivered date also maintained in this. Invoice This sub module will explains invoice details with the proper number, date the order number. It maintains the total amount of each product and stores the advance paid and balance amount going to pay. It also got the option of clear and print. Receipt It maintains the receipt no and name with the date. This receipt details explain the total amount and amount paid and the balance amount want to pay it got the button of both clear and print. Warehouse Warehouse checks the stock If stock of finished goods available †¢ †¢ Warehouse intimates head office for delivery order Simultaneously, warehouse will prepare GON-finished goods(goods Outward note) which is a list of items ordered by the customer. †¢ †¢ †¢ Warehouse dispatches the material A copy of GON-finished goods will be sent to sales department. If the customer rejects any of the items dispatched, it will be received inWarehouse and a GIN –finished goods (goods inward note) will bePrepared which has details of items rejected. Customer will be receiving the goods with delivery order and invoice. Delivery order will be signed by the customer and returned back as an acknowledgement to head office. If stock not available †¢ †¢ Warehouse will prepare list of finished goods needed. The list will be sent to factory. The ware house department have following modules, Goods inward It maintains the whole item details which will be enter the company. It got both new and save option. The new option mainly used to enter the item which are going to inward in the company and by means save option it will be properly saved. Goods rejected It maintains the details about the goods which are rejected by the customer by means of proper customer name, order no, with the product id and no of quantities . Raw material inward It maintains the details about the raw material details which are exist in the company to manufacture the finished goods with the proper material id and supplier id. Raw material outward It maintains the details about the raw materials which are passed to the factory with their material id, material name and no of quantity. Raw material rejected It maintains the details about the raw materials which re rejected by warehouse department to the supplier with the proper materials id, supplier id, quantity and supplier name. Factory Factory will check for raw material availability. If raw material available †¢ Factory will send the indent to manufacturing unit for producing the goods. †¢ On receipt of the indent, manufacturing unit will produce the goods and sent to warehouse. †¢ Warehouse receives the finished goods and prepares a GIN-finished goods. †¢ Warehouse prepares the GON-finished goods and dispatches the material. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ A copy of GON-finished goods will be sent to sales department. Warehouse intimates ho. HO prepares delivery order and invoice. If the customer rejects any of the items dispatched, it will be received in warehouse and a GIN-finished goods (goods inward note) will be prepared which has details of Items rejected. If raw materials not available †¢ †¢ †¢ Daily raw material requisition will be prepared by factory. On receipt of the above, warehouse will prepare purchase requisition. Head office will receive the purchase requisition and the purchase order will be Placed for the same. †¢ Materials will be received by the warehouse directly from the supplier and Prepares Gin-raw materials. If the warehouse rejects any of the raw material received, it will be dispatched to the supplier and a GON-raw materials rejections will be prepared. The factory module having the following sub modules Raw materials inward It maintains the details about the raw material which are supplied by the warehouse department with the proper raw material name and id. Finished goods It maintains the details about the finished goods which are going to deliver for a customer with proper material id , customer id. CHAPTER 6 TESTING 6. 1 Software Testing Conformance testing They are used to verify whether the tested object is a compromise to the standard. Conformance tests were verified through extensive testing of the implementation. The implementation and the system specification were found in compliance with each other. The path name of each application was confirmed for verification and existence. This conformance test is valid for our project, as our project meets the standard as specified in the requirement specification (i. e) it meets the working flow which takes place within the company. Functional testing They are used to examine the functionality of the system o be tested. Functional tests may go beyond conformance tests as they check the non-standardized features of the system under test as well. Functional tests were conducted during the development of our project. The code was tested during implementation whenever the code involved new additions. This functional test is illustrated with the following scenario of our project. The project re quired that Only Authorized persons should enter the website and only their respective transactions displayed. In case of wrong username/password, the system should indicate the user to type correct password. Performance testing These tests are used to measure the behavior of the object to be tested related to time and resources. In the implementation of this project, the performance was tested based on the load encountered by the web server and database server when accessed by a huge number of people. Here the web server – Apache Tomcat could withstand a connectivity load for 6000 to 10000 browser connections and the database, namely Oracle 8i could withstand a load of 1024 server-wide connections with maximum per user connections being 45 to 100. Unit testing Unit testing focuses on verification efforts on the smallest unit of the software design, the module. Important control paths were tested to cover errors within the boundary of the module. Unit testing can be conducted in parallel for multiple modules. This testing involves the test carried out on modules programs with individual functions and procedures, which make up modules on the system. This is also called as program testing. The programs should be tested for correctness of logic applied and should detect errors in coding. All the modules have been individually tested to determine whether they are coded correctly so that they satisfy the requirements in the specifications and execute effectively as individual units. Unit testing comprises the set test performed by an individual programmer prior to integration of the unit into a larger system. A program unit denotes a routing or a collection of routines implemented by an individual programmer. The situation is illustrated as follows: Coding Debugging Validation testing At the Unit Testing Integration Testing culmination of integration testing, software is completely assembled as a package, interfacing errors have been identified and corrected, and a final series of software tests-validation testing begins. Software validation is achieved through a series of test that demonstrate conformity with requirements. In the project, the validation testing is done with all the forms. All forms were validated completely. Names should contain only alphabets. In case of collecting rent amount, the amount paid field should contain only numeric. The validation checking also includes boundary checking wherein for example to enter an applicant name, a minimum of 3 characters and a maximum of 20 characters is kept as a boundary, where an error is prompted when we type applicant name of length less than 3 characters and more than 20 characters. Integration testing A question arises that; once modules have been unit tested and they all work individually, why they will not work properly when put together. The problem, of course is â€Å"Putting them together†. While interfacing parts can be lost across an interface one module can have an inadvertent, adverse affect on another; sub functions when combining, may not produce the desired major function. Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure while at the same time conducting testing on uncovered errors associated with interfacing. The objective is to take unit-tested modules and build a program structure that has been dictated by design. Integration testing has been performed after combining all modules and checking that no problem or error occurs after integrating the modules. In our project we have also implemented integration testing where we integrate the individually tested sections to form a single module and test whether the output is still maintained after integrating. CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS 7. 1 Conclusion This package is intended to produce accurate, adequate and timely information when needed. This system is interactive in the way that it presents all the necessary information to the user, whenever it opts the user for a keyboard response. This package is user-friendly package and ensures hassle free operation with its numerous features. Test run of the package has proved to be satisfactory. Report is generated much to the expectations and requirements of the users and management. Consumptions time has been minimized to a greater extend by the sleek design of the system. The system is flexible and changes can be made without much difficulty. 7. 2 Future Enhancements This package producing accurate, adequate and timely information when needed is basically a window based application which can be enhanced further as a web based application so that more and more branches of the same organization located in various places can use it efficiently. Making it a web-based application needs to be more powerful which can be furnished with figures and graphical representation. More and more people can understand the graphs easily which will help in the Better usage of the project. The sales that are done with over a particular Period can also be seen through graphs which will save more time and Money.

Little Prince Reaction Paper

Little Prince Reaction Paper Little Prince Reaction Paper Little Prince Reaction Paper: The Process of Writing Have got an assignment to write a reaction paper on the Little Prince but do not know what to begin with? Reading of this article will help you to put your thoughts together! So, in what way can you write a good little prince reaction paper? Lets split your work into 3 main steps: preparing, writing and checking. There is no doubt that the first stage in the preparation for writing of the little prince reaction paper is reading of this wonderful childrens story even if you have already read it. To write a reaction paper on a book you should not only have the general idea about this book (know the characters, the plot and the ending) but also make the deep analysis of it. To do that you should study the book thoroughly. After you have read the story try to analyze it: define the main idea (what Antoine de Saint-Exupry wanted to say by writing this story), characterize the main characters (the Narrator, the Little Prince, the Fo x, the Rose, the Snake, the King and others). Remember: before writing your paper you should make a thesis statement. It will be the main point that your paper will prove. Define what exactly has touched you most of all: the issue of childhood and adolescence or the idea of the protection of the world we live in, for example. In this case you will have a lot of thoughts to write in your little prince reaction paper.When writing your little prince reaction paper you should keep all the writing requirements. Do not forget that your paper should contain such parts as the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. Editing is a very important process. Re-read your little prince reaction paper thoroughly several times in order to identify and correct all grammatical, punctuation or syntactical mistakes. When getting down to your little prince reaction paper, pay attention to the following points:Never postpone your writing for the last day. Although a reaction paper is not a large work it may play a significant role in your study. Like any academic paper a reaction paper should be well-structured. Pay your attention that all the paragraphs of your little prince reaction paper should be interrelated and prove the same idea the paper thesis statement. All your thoughts should be clear and understandable.So, this information will help you to write your little prince reaction paper. Anyway, if you face any difficulties, do not hesitate to contact us! We are always ready to help you in your study!

Invasive Species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Invasive Species - Research Paper Example The Asian Tiger Mosquito The Asian tiger mosquito is one of the most highly invasive species from Southeast Asia that has found its way to the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Pacific. The main difference between this species from the other mosquitoes is that it serves as a vector of several species of virus and it does so through its unique genetic make-up as well as its excellent adaptation to the new environment. A discussion of the nature of the Asian tiger mosquito is essential in fostering awareness of a species that has a potential to be one of the most dangerous vectors of viral diseases in this planet. Awareness of a particular dangerous species brings with it the responsibility to help prevent its spread and cooperation with authorities in mitigating its harm. Findings The Asian tiger mosquito, or Aedes albopictus, is known as a vector of several emerging diseases that were once native to Southeast Asia, where the said mosquito originated, and its niche is a parasite. It is mainly an invasive species anywhere in the world except in Southeast Asia, where it is native and original (Roiz et al., 2011). The transportation of eggs mainly through used tires and Lucky Bamboo plants was the only way this insect could have spread to America, the Indo-Pacific regions, Europe and Africa. Since the first record of its presence in Italy in Genoa in 1990 during the late summer, the mosquito is believed to have spread to the rest of Italy and Europe (Roiz et al., 2011). The first discovery of the species in Europe was as early as 1979 in Albania but the country hardest hit by the invasion was Italy with around 200 cases alone in the summer of 2007. In the United States, the discovery of the mosquito was a few years later in Memphis, Tennessee in 1983 and in the next 25 years, 36 U.S. states have been invaded including several countries in Central and South America with Brazil experiencing its first Asian tiger mosquito bite in 1986. The Asian tiger mosquito is an ag gressive daytime biter and is called â€Å"tiger† because of its bright white stripes. As a native of Southeast Asia, it used to be a dominant insect in the natural reservoirs including tree holes, vases, pots, buckets and vegetation. Moreover, the millions of tires shipped each year between Japan and Germany and the United States because of the use of recaps and the strict rules governing wear and tear of these tires may actually contain water that could hold Asian tiger mosquito larvae and more importantly eggs that are drought-resistant and can survive a comfortable, sheltered journey until they reach their destination (Enserink, 2008). One change that the Asian tiger mosquito has brought to the native and invaded ecosystems was disease. The Asian tiger mosquito is responsible for dengue and chikungunya fever. The chikungunya virus was believed to have undergone a single-nucleotide genetic mutation in the Indian mutation outbreak order for it to be able to use the Asian ti ger mosquito as a vector (Enserink, 2008). However, although the species is less invasive than the Aedes aegypti in spreading dengue, the Asian tiger mosquito is becoming increasingly important because its global distribution is rapidly changing. Other outbreaks of diseases caused by the Asian tiger mosquito include the dengue outbreaks in Hawaii from 2001 to 2002, in China in 2004, in Madagascar in 2006, and in Gabon

In What Ways Does the Choice of an Epistemological Perspective or Essay

In What Ways Does the Choice of an Epistemological Perspective or Stance Influence the Formulation of a Management Research - Essay Example The paper additionally examines issues like empiricism, constructivism, idealism, rationalism, and their influences on the formulation of a research in the field of management. Epistemology is a branch of the philosophical field that is mainly concerned with the nature and limitations of knowledge. The field addresses such issues as what knowledge is, how it can be acquired, and the extent to which it applies to certain entities (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). Epistemological perspectives are the different ways in which different people view knowledge, its nature and scope. There are different epistemological perspectives that can be used in the formulation of a management research; they range from empiricism, idealism, and rationalism to constructivism (Fumerton, 2006). In order to overcome the difficulties that may be encountered in formulating the management research the concepts of infinitism, foundationalism, and coherentism may be utilized (Krishnaswamy, Sivakumar a nd Mathirajan, 2009). Empiricism is a concept that emphasizes the role that experience plays when one formulates a management research. It is basically a conjecture of knowledge that emphasizes the use of the perceptual observations that we make through our senses (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). ... On the other hand, rationalism emphasizes the epistemologically privileged statuses of data that we have collected through our senses. It additionally emphasizes the dominance of reasoning and consists of abstracts, theory, and borrowings from empirical studies (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). When formulating a management research using epistemology, an individual has to collect data before he or she can utilize the knowledge acquired. Doing this, an individual will be able to make appropriate decisions (Audi, 2010). Many challenges may be encountered in the collection of data that may eventually lead to misinterpretation. Data may be incorrectly interpreted due to the fact that different people possess different forms of knowledge along with levels of understanding (Fumerton, 2006). A lot of time is additionally lost when references are made to previous empirical studies that have been carried out, though they are important in ensuring the best decisions in regard to dif ferent aspects in management that are to be resolved. After researching the studies of previous researchers, an individual will have the empirical material that can help avoid the obstacles encountered by others (Krishnaswamy, Sivakumar and Mathirajan, 2009). According to Fumerton (2006), a lot of consultations have to be made before an appropriate decision can be implemented for the purpose of solving the problems facing a business venture. Rationalism enables to epistemologically reason out a problem before one can come to a decision as to the best solution. It additionally helps researchers overcome any errors they may have made when formulating

What gendered relationship(s) does your cultural role or practice Essay

What gendered relationship(s) does your cultural role or practice encourage - Essay Example Basically, gender is developed under the influence of culture. Male or female gender roles have been shaped in certain social and national contexts. Therefore, culture depends on gender roles and gender roles depend on culture. If we try to speak figuratively, a dilemma of culture-gender relationship interdependence may be compared with a chicken and egg riddle. Gender role and culture relationship In the context of a given situation on the example taken from Bangladesh and Cambodian cultures, we would further claim that gender role and culture interdependence has been currently interpreted from a different perspective: i.e. with the cultural changes in these countries, gender roles have been also gradually changed. Situation 1 In Bangladesh, like in many other countries, there have always existed differences between â€Å"women’s/men’s work†. With the growth of garment trade policies in this country, many women became a part of a labor force. The norms of purdah (female seclusion) have been changed and women became employees in this field of activity. Moreover, earlier women were not greatly visible in the city of Dhaka, but there is much more women in the streets than earlier. Consequently, we can suppose that there is a consequent shift in women’s roles in their families and at work. We can explain this change of gender role as the result of socio-economical situation in the country. Further on, these changes were borrowed by culture and finally, they were reflected on women’s gender roles. Situation 2 The following changes of gender roles shown on the example of Cambodian culture had different triggers. It is possible to illustrate gender role change in Cambodia by the following saying: â€Å"men are a piece of gold, and women are a piece of cloth. The piece of gold, when it is dropped in mud, is still a piece of gold. But a piece of cloth, once it’s stained, it’s stained forever† (Questions about Culture). Currently, modern Cambodian women do not want to live their lives in accordance with this saying. They consider it to be unfair and irrelevant. There is a need for social justice and equal attitude to men and women. For example, male criminals cannot be considered â€Å"a piece of gold† and widows should have a chance to put a virginal piece of cloth on them. As far as we can see, political, social and economical triggers have launched gender role-cultural accents shift in Cambodia. Therefore, from a modern westerner’s point of view, it is relevant to claim that gender role principles explained by Virginia Woolf are not relevant to the greatest extent. Bangladesh or Cambodia does not have enough money, but their women are on their road to fight for their renovated and reinterpreted gender roles. The ideas of Brady, Pollitt and Tannen may be foun d more relevant in the modern context. Social stereotypes, political, social and economical changes have reached the minds of contemporaries and have triggered changes in gender roles. Therefore, in order to encourage equal and fair opportunities for further development of self-identities, personal professionalism directed on favorable social interactions between men and women, it is relevant to introduce political, social and economical changes internationally. Moreover, a western position concerning equal relationships between men and women is on the way of implementation in the countries of the Third World. Thus, it should be noted that gender role perception in the

Bio-fuels Essay Example for Free

Bio-fuels Essay Advantages: The actual aim of biofuels is to be carbon neutral. Potentially they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions when you compare them to conventional transport fuels, but this ability depends on the way you produce these biofuels. In reality biofuels aren’t carbon neutral because they actually require energy to grow the crops and to convert them into fuel. However, biofuels could still be more environmentally friendly then other fossil alternatives. They can save up to 60% of the carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels, and second generation biofuels can offer savings of about 80%. Another advantage of biofuels is that they save money of drivers. Governments have introduced many incentives to drivers of the well-known green cars who are based on emissions, who come with reduced taxation. And because the petrol prices are rising, if you then would replace the petroleum with a renewable energy source it should actually offer high savings at the pump in the long term, especially when the availability of biofuels will rise. Disadvantages: However, there have been some arguments that biofuel isn’t as positive as it had been portrayed and thought of. The following points are some of the several concerns about biofuels: * Biodiversity: This has been feared a lot lately, because when adapting more land to produce the crops needed for biofuels, the consequence would be that more habitats would be lost for animals and wild plants. * Food versus fuel debate: Another concern is that if biofuels become attractive for farmers they’ll decide that they may want to grow crops for biofuel production instead of for food production. If less food is produced that will lead to the increase of prices and also cause a rise in inflation. A way to counter this problem is by second generation biofuels which use waste biomass, but then again that will also impact the habitat of many organisms. Due to the food price increase, around 100 million people are at risk and then especially in the developing countries. * Carbon emissions: Most of the investigations do indicate that by burning biofuels it does actually reduce the greenhouse gas emissions when you would compare it to petroleum and diesel. But lately studies have been published that show that the burning of e.g. corn can contribute as much to nitrous oxide emissions than cooling through fossil fuel savings. * Non-sustainable biofuel production: Many first generation biofuels aren’t sustainable. And it is necessary to create biofuel production that doesn’t affect the production of food and also what doesn’t affect any other environmental problems. And because there has been lots of criticism of the production of non-sustainable biofuels many governments have switched their support to sustainable biofuels and other alternatives. Why controversial? Biofuels have been blamed for pushing up the food prices, that they couldn’t meet the environmental standards, they themselves have caused for the demand of water and nitrate fertilizers and they have encouraged the destruction of natural habitats e.g. the rainforest. And still it’s an controversy which governments have been struggling to solve. What has also been revealed is that the companies who actually use biofuels haven’t been able to fully report the sustainability of them. But even though we associate environmental damage with the production of biofuels we should not immediately think that all biofuels are bad. The production of biofuels is still developing, and as new fuel technologies are being made the situation could radically change and we may be able to adjust the impact on the environment to a small percentage. After having seen the positive and negative sides of biofuels you could wonder is biofuels are really worth it. On one hand they could actually reduce the carbon emissions and help save you some money. But they also negatively impact the habitat of many species and aren’t necessarily efficient enough at producing the energy that they are required to make. So there are two completely different sides to biofuels which explains why the topic biofuels has been so controversial lately in the 21th century and why we are all now discussing if we should go on producing biofuels or not.

Investigation of the Yom Kippur War 1973 Essay -- Papers History Yom K

Investigation of the Yom Kippur War 1973 In this investigation one will find the long term and short term causes of the Yom Kippur war. This was achieved by reading various sources about the war and the events that were prior to the war. Thus for this investigation the research question is called "what were the causes of the Yom Kippur war of 1973." By researching about the war one came across various sources some very reliable and some not so dependable thus the evaluation of sources shows how reliable and valuable the investigation's two main sources are. From each source of the sources one took the liberty of extracting relevant information about the war thus all the events that were related to the war are shown in the summary of evidence section. Finally, the analysis and conclusion part of the investigation came about by taking all the evidence into account and analyzing each cause, and then making an over all conclusion relating to all the causes, analysis, and the whole investigation. SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE: The causes of the Yom Kippur war one can date it back all the way to November 2 1917. This day was the day when the British assured the Jews that in Palestine they would gain a national home which they could call as their own. The British assured the Jews this by issuing the Balfour Declaration (www.mideastweb.org). However, the day Israel gained its own state on May 15 1948 the majority of the Arabs felt insecure and unjust. Thus, the Arabs on the same day declared war on the newly Jewish state of Israel, which in the end the Israelis managed to win; one can say that this is another long term cause of the Yom Ki... ...e a state of their own which they could call home. This mainly due to prevent another holocaust from occurring again, thus the birth place of Judaism was given to the Jews as their own state, Israel was created. However, the Palestinians and the Arab nations surrounding Israel obviously were not pleased with this, thus Nasser's plans of putting aggression policies towards Israel were widely accepted in the region. Even though Nasser had failed over and over to achieve his aim of throwing out the Jewish state in an Arab "ocean" the Middle East. Thus after, Nasser had died his aggressive policies had given Israel a negative impression, thus when Sadat came to power his peaceful solutions were neglected, therefore Sadat's impatience got the best of him and thus he declared war on Israel and started off the Yom Kippur war.

Cause and Effect the Crusades Essay

In the High Middle Ages of the year 1095, Seljuk Turks stormed into Baghdad taking Jerusalem with them. They ravaged the towns and conquered all of Asian Minor from the Byzantine Greeks. Christian lands were burned and pillaged by an accursed race. The Byzantine emperor was in a state of emergency and requested help to fight against these people. The pope responded with a new kind of fighters to defend the lands. He called on the knights of Christendom to form a crusade. Their mission was to rescue Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks. The knights felt intense excitement and joy to fight for their religion. Their morale was high since the pope promised forgiveness for their sins if they died. Rewards and gifts would be given to those that successfully conquered the cities of the Holy Land. The Crusades won Jerusalem after losing many of their troops through hardships. They sacked Constantinople and savaged a spree of loot. Temporarily, they strengthened papal influence with successful battles to take back towns. However, later crusades declined the papal prestige since they were not able to detain the Byzantines. The Crusades were never able to successfully accomplish their mission of taking back the Holy Land but brought many long-term effects that would modify the empire. The crusaders weakened the feudal nobility since they lost many of their lands to go on expeditions. The Byzantine power also decreased with the powerful attacks from the Crusades. Religious intolerance erupted with the Muslims, Jews, and Christians. These religions used each other as scapegoats and attacked each other with hostility. The Crusades brought an increase in trade to the empire since they purchased new utensils and foods from Arab markets that benefited them. In the long run, Crusades sparked changes that would important to the future of the empire’s economy and people.

Disaster Capitalism

In the early 20th century, the United States came to the realization that many other nations has come to in the latter part of the Middle Ages: it is not impossible for a domestic economy to grow beyond its own borders. That is, you can only sell so many widgets domestically; you need to start selling them elsewhere. If there is a situation where a foreign nation does not have an open market then there may be a decision made to open the market through various means. Sometimes, however, the means that are employed may not be considered all that friendly.This is the notion that Klein's concept of â€Å"disaster capitalism† centers on. In a way, Klein's module of disaster capitalism is a new version of stealth imperialism. That is, it creates inroads into foreign territory whether it is wanted or not. As mentioned in the article, this sounds a bit conspiratorial. Of course, the â€Å"sound of a conspiracy† is based on perception and that perception may be based on how much alarmism one sees in the work. Seeing alarmism, however, will be based on whether or not one agrees with the themes.Those who agree with the assessment will see less conspiratorial alarmism and more of a warning in the form of a call to action. Those who disagree may dismiss it all as rantings. A major problem with this disaster capitalism module is the notion that there is such a colossal conspiracy to commit all kinds of chaos in order to sell items. This is not entirely true because it is not always very difficult to sell people anything. Even some of the most obtuse items can be sold in an open market with very little prodding.Opening a market, however, is a lot easier than most would assume. Provided there is a need most nations will be open to accepting products provided that the acceptance of such products will not upset domestic agendas. The notion of disaster capitalism assumes that force or coercion is used to promote free market capitalism. Part of the problem here is th at it labels much of capitalism as evil when much of it can also be labeled silly. For example, one of the most idiotic products ever sold on the market was the nonsensical and completely unworkable Pocket Fisherman.This bizarre item seeming shrunk fishing rods down to 18 inches and was promoted by a silly television commercial in 1976. The commercial (kept alive on YouTube) allowed the item to sell one million units. In fact, it is STILL selling to this very day and can be purchased in a number of retail stores. The strength of the Pocket Fisherman, like a number of other strange novelty items, was based on the inherent laziness of the couch potato consumer. In other words, it was a fishing rod that you didn't have to â€Å"lug around† and it centered on an ad campaign was based on being too good to be true.There was no need to â€Å"shock audiences† or to force them to purchase. So, to label all free market processes as being a sphere of militant capitalism simply is not 100% accurate. The book THE SHOCK DOCTRINE does try to craft a logical picture of the environment in which disaster capitalism thrives. It invests a number of pages of its contents to cover a multitude of historical occurrences to craft a portrait of an unending stream of dangerous globalism. The article that reviews the work paints a clear picture of the subject matter of the book but does not go so far as to recommend it.Perhaps, this is because the author of the book doesn't so much buy into the presentation in the book. That is, the author may see some points present in the book but doesn't wish to endorse it due to certain misgivings about its content. In fact, the article does take a few digs at the author. (â€Å"She's not a journalist†) Regardless of where one stands on the issue, the work does come off as entertaining as the article does make it sound like a worthwhile read.

Double Negatives to Avoid

Double Negatives to Avoid Double Negatives to Avoid Double Negatives to Avoid By Maeve Maddox A French speaker who says â€Å"Je ne sais rien† raises no eyebrows among the educated, but an English speaker who says â€Å"I don’t know nothing† is immediately marked as semi-literate. (French ne corresponds to English not and rien to nothing.) Some languages, like French and Spanish, have what is called â€Å"negative concord,† usage that allows two negatives to express a single negation without being considered incorrect. Double negatives in English came to be seen as ungrammatical after the Middle Ages. Considering the wide use of double negatives in nonstandard English dialects of English, one might wonder why the double negative is disdained in the standard dialects. In 1762 a very learned English bishop named Robert Lowth (1710-1787) published A Short Introduction to English Grammar. The bishop stated this rule: Two Negatives in English destroy one another, or are equivalent to an Affirmative. Lowth was a scholar of Latin and Hebrew. Both those ancient languages lack negative concord. Bishop Lowth’s opinion has become our rule. Never use not in the same sentence as the following: hardly scarcely only (in some contexts; does not apply to not onlybut also) neither never no one nobody nothing no none Here are some examples of sentences that rarely cause confusion in nonstandard dialects, but which are incorrect in standard English: Note: the asterisk indicates that the sentence is nonstandard. *She was so weak she couldn’t hardly sit up. *Scarcely nobody came to my party. *I can’t stay only a few minutes. *I didn’t know neither her telephone number nor her address. *I never saw no one I thought prettier. *I don’t know nothing about building a compost pile. *We don’t need no education *I don’t want none of those escargots. Here are the same thoughts expressed in standard English: She was so weak she could hardly sit up. Scarcely anybody came to my party. I can stay only a few minutes. I knew neither her telephone number nor her address. I never saw anyone I thought prettier. I don’t know anything about building a compost pile. We don’t need an education I don’t want any of those escargots. Note: Not all double negatives in English earn an F from grammarians. The â€Å"not un-† construction popular in the 17th century is still acceptable in standard English. For example, here’s a comment from a travel article: â€Å"the flavor was unusual, but not unappealing.† Both not and unappealing are negatives. The idea is that the flavor is too strange to actually be â€Å"appealing,† but is nevertheless palatable. To state the thought otherwise would alter the writer’s intended meaning. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesTypes of Plots

Copyright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Copyright - Essay Example This system allows the potential sharing of copyrighted materials, which can give rise to copyright infringement. Copyright infringement, under the US laws, is the copying or substantial reproduction of materials that are protected by the copyright law (Miller & Jentz 2007 155). A group of music companies led by A&M Records, Inc. brought an action against Napster for copyright violation, with preliminary injunction, in the District Court for the Northern District of California. In 2000, Judge Marilyn Patel accordingly issued a preliminary injunction against Napster enjoining the latter from â€Å"engaging in or facilitating others in copying, downloading, uploading, transmitting or distributing plaintiff’s copyrighted† (A&M Records, Inc. v Napster, Inc. 2000 114 F Supp. 2d 896) materials. The order was appealed by Napster to the Ninth Circuit, which however, sustained the order but remanding it to the lower court for refinement noting that it was too broad. In reaching its decision, the Ninth Circuit had to decide on the merits of the arguments of the defendants, in defense of itself and its users. The arguments of defendant Napster centered on the implied immunity granted under the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 (AHRA) and the exception provided under the fair use doctrine.

Business Plan for a Coffee House Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Plan for a Coffee House - Assignment Example The main purpose of my business plan is to start a coffee house venture as I feel that this is a very viable option. In California today, there are a large number of coffee houses that run because of a demand created by people to have a place where they can sit, relax and enjoy beverages and eatables. Most people are willing to pay a certain amount of money as they would rather meet their friends and family at such locations and enjoy a nice morning, afternoon or evening with them. The sales for coffee have kept on increasing over the last decade despite a time of financial downturn. This is because this is a beverage that has a lasting demand among the community. Therefore, the main purpose of my business plan is to provide people with a place to enjoy their beverages in, coupled with European style food so that they are attracted by the quality and creativity that I have attempted to bring about with the help of my plan. (Weitzman, H. 2006) Other than this, the purpose is also to provide employment, generate profits as well as bring about a fair trade where the farmers who I import my coffee from will be guaranteed at least $1.26 per pound which is twice the going rate for coffee. (Weber, Jeremey 2007) (Weitzman, H. 2006) My products will include a number of meals and beverages as well as desserts, mostly European ones so that people find some amount of differentiation and this is what helps to set my venture apart from the already established coffee houses in the country. I wish to provide the age bracket of 14-28 years a place, with free wireless internet so that they are able to come, relax and enjoy good food and coffee, and at the same time, get their work done, meet their friends and just have a bit of change away from home. I feel I will be able to carry out this project very well since I have excellent interpersonal skills and also a very dynamic personality. I am aware that there are many competitors in this  industry such as Starbucks.