The Impact Of Technology On The Modern World - 1547 Words

Impact Of Technology In the Modern World Throughout the life, some influences have shaped people the way they live their lives today. Impact of a virtual connection, and go beyond the brain’s ability, is rising in an eyesight bling, which is a cause of socialization— brain’s ability to multitask and their consequences itself. The usage of the internet is creating conflict upon individuals that they have become modern in today’s world. In the essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, who is a psychologist and a creative writer from the Columbia University explores the Dunbar’s theoretical number of a friend that one could have in their life. Konnikova informs people about her colleague Robin Dunbar’s research how social networking†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Technology has more of a side effect than positive outcomes in people s lives in this modern world. Adverse effects are easy to catch, and it has proven in the essay by Maria Konnikova and Ric hard Restak. On top of that Konnikova in her essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† mansion a Dunbar number which proves that people are more convenient keeping up with their friends online, therefore, it s causing an issue of why people have more online friends rather than real friends. â€Å"Isn t it easier to have more friends when we have Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to help us to cultivate and maintain them?† (Konnikova 237). From this quote one could obviously see that why people are attracting towards virtual interactions than physical interactions. People think it’s easy to have a friend online to get away from trouble and consequences, with that said people can quickly and regularly keep in touch with each other in today s hectic world. There are also some effects of technology which conferred in the essay â€Å"Attention Deficit: The Brain Syndrome Of Our Era.† In the modern world, technology has taken the human mind entirely which is attracti ng people to technology. â€Å"The mind was thus a machine and could best be understood through the employment of machine metaphors†Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On The Modern World1501 Words   |  7 Pages Over the past couple of decades, advancing technology has revolutionized the world. The evolution of technology has constantly had a massive impact on the human race at every stage of societal development. Modern world is unimaginable without things such as electricity, computers, vehicles, and much more. There have been many monumental discoveries in the past that has changed the landscape of our society forever including the discovery of coal. Hundreds of years ago, coal was discovered byRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Our Modern World1262 Words   |  6 PagesOne small step for technology, one large step for mankind Take a moment and look around you. What do you see? Most likely you are surrounded by technology. This new phenomenon is a vital part in the modern world. The domination of technology has engulfed our culture, it has become a large portion of our everyday life and the way that we function. Three authors; Christine Rosen, Lakshmi Chaudhry, and Jim Taylor, have illustrated the foundations of technology on our modern world. They have all takenRead MoreWireless Technology And Its Impact On The Modern Business World1044 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The advent of technologies allowing large quantities of data to be transmitted over the air is undoubtedly one of the greatest achievements in data communication. These days, most organizations operating in developed countries could not fathom the idea of conducting their day-to-day operations without wireless technologies. In fact, a poll taken by ATT in 2013 found that over 98% of small businesses use wireless technologies in their operations (Sophy. 2013). Similarly, anotherRead MoreThe Modern Era And Its Impact On The World1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Modern period is a cultural movement that has a lasting impact on the world. The Romantic period provoked everyone to rebellion and two of the greatest revolutions, the American and French, were an outcome of that period. Thus, the Modern period was born when the Romantics faded out and this shift in culture changed the world forever. Modernism changed the way people lived in a number of different reasons, but there are three that stood out from the rest. The Modern Era changed the world throughRead MoreSociety s Dependence On Technology1244 Words   |  5 Pages11- Period 1 2 October 2015 Society’s Dependency On Technology Today, technology is a ruling factor among our society. Technology is involved in every aspect of our lives. Our dependence on technology has been taken to a whole other level, we are now incredibly dependent on technology. We may be too dependent on technology, but our dependence does not necessarily impact us in negative ways. II. Some say the increasing need for technology, specifically social media, causes social isolationRead MoreTechnology Is A Positive Tool1594 Words   |  7 Pages Technology Is a Positive Tool In the anthology Points of Departure by Michelle J. Brazier, two writers have compelling arguments about the influence of technology. In Ian Bremmer’s essay, Democracy in Cyberspace: What Technology Can and Cannot Do for Us, he argues that modern communications and technology are just mediums or tools because they can be used for various purposes. In Malcolm Gladwell’s essay, Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted, he argues that social networks are hurtingRead MoreModern Information Technology Impacts Our Everyday Lives1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Modern Technology on Everyday Lives A Changing World Over the past 20 years, the world as we know has changed drastically. We have moved from a world that was bound by wires and copper cabling to a world that offers any bit of information you want with the touch of a glass screen from a device that fits in your pockets. In this same period of time, shopping used to involve planning a trip to a brick and motor store and hope they had the product you were looking for, and at the priceRead MoreThe Classic Works Of Strategy1354 Words   |  6 Pagesand force to achieve policy objectives. Given the unfortunate centrality of war to world events, strategy becomes a significant aspect in providing a theory of success. The perennial popularity of books on military and application of works of wisdom in the use of force today is unequivocal. Particularly, books that generally focus of the theory of strategy, studies with varied meanings for all purposes, technologies, places, and times are increasingly rare. In the past 2,400 years, only 3 clas sicRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology1411 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology and its Effects The term technology originated from the Greek word ‘technologia’. Technology refers to the use of machines and various tools that make our daily work lives simpler, easier and organized. The word also refers to the different tools, gadgets, and resources used by humans so as to help them control and adapt to their environment appropriately (Bridgman, 5}. Technology also refers to the knowledge of techniques and processes and is embedded mostly in machines used as factorsRead MoreResults of Advancements in Technology Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, modern technology is evidently developing rapidly and it is portrayed as a negative impact. It can be seen that technology is a substitution of all characteristics of life. The purpose of every technological invention is to benefit the lives of mankind; thus re-enforcing the positive connotation of technology. However, in long term it may not be beneficial; such as, education, work and leisure are al l becoming dependent on technology; cyberspace is dangerous and child obesity

The Pros and Cons of E-commerce Today - 1795 Words

THE PROS AND CONS OF E-COMMERCE TODAY Introduction Electronic Commerce or e-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services(Rosen, 2000). E-commerce (or electronic commerce) is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems and automated data collection systems. (Anon, n.d.). It also refers to any type of business transaction where the parties interact electronically rather than†¦show more content†¦This is considered virtual because one doesnt have to physically stock the products in a show room where the customer comes to view them. All the business needs to do is have adequate pictures of the product along with a description on their electronic store for their c ustomers to view. This allows the business to stock a wide range of products, and in some cases, they don’t have to physically stock the products. As e-commerce has evolved, businesses are now able to connect their back-end systems to the order processing systems of their suppliers. As a result, they no longer need to maintain large amounts of inventory to fulfill their customers’ needs. This interfacing between the e-commerce business and its suppliers means they never need to face an out-of-stock situation for normal demand. (It is however possible if an exceptionally high demand arises). Because of this interlinking, procurement can become faster, transparent and eventually cheaper. b. Additionally, since the business doesnt have to have a physical store, it can cut down on overheads and thereby reduce on costs since they do not need to employ customer facing staff to assist the customers in a store because functions such as checkout, billing, payments and inventory management are automated. c. Advertising and marketing costs can be reduced by using search engines, social media and pay-per-click (such as with Google) to driver consumerShow MoreRelatedBackground. In The Fast Changing And Increasingly Connected1321 Words   |  6 Pagesas Alibaba and Amazon, rely on the technological innovations and advancements to build their business models and capitalize on them (Burinskiene, 2013). Alibaba was founded in 1999 by a group of 18 people led by Jack Ma. The company provides an e-commerce platform for global sourcing and trading of millions of products in more than 40 categories in more than 190 countries (Alibaba, n. d.). At the end of 2016, the company reported a revenue of $7.669 billion, an increase of 54% year-over-year (AlibabaRead MoreThe New Healthcare Reform Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesallowing its entire people to receive proper medical attention regardless of income sounds like the fix-all problem for America. The question is why is it not an option? Canada has a universal healthcare plan which reaches its 33 million people. The cons to this program means the doctors are paid on a scale and there is less medical equipment which means longer waiting times for special technology. No deductibles or co-pays are required though. The life expectancy for Canada is a combined, six yearsRead More Internet Taxation Essay example1349 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å" Internet Taxation,† both the pros and cons concerning Internet taxation are mentioned to establish both views concerning the issue facing the United States people. The conservative or con side on taxes mainly uses logos argument to make their point. Supports of the tax free Internet say that because of the way transactions are carried out on the web, electronic sales are vulnerable to being taxed multiple times by many different local jurisdictions. Since many e-tailers have one main hub, andRead MoreIs535 Final Course Project3657 Words   |  15 PagesStarting an E Commerce Online Business Keller Graduate School of Management Managerial Applications of Information Technology 11/12/2011 [Type the fax number] Jamie Lynch You want to start an E commerce business selling your products and services online but how to get started? Milestone 1 Problem: The business problem to be solved is how can an entrepreneur start and maintain a successful E commerce business online? Background: The first key to starting a successful online businessRead MoreThe For Maximize Your Earnings Are Alphabet Inc.1066 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States, the United Kingdom, and rest of the world. The company offers performance and brand advertising services. It operates through Google and Other Bets segments. The Google segment includes principal Internet products, such as Search, Ads, Commerce, Maps, YouTube, Apps, Cloud, Android, Chrome, and Google Play, as well as technical infrastructure and newer efforts, such as Virtual Reality. This segment also sells hardware products comprising Chromecast, Chromebooks, and Nexus. The Other BetsRead MoreQuestions On Start An E Commerce Business1161 Words   |  5 Pages The question is â€Å"Have you thought about starting an E-commerce business?†. Anyone can look back on how technology has changed in the last, let’s say, ten years there have been some major advancements. There are watches that tell you about your own body fun ctions, laptops that do more than ever expected, and phones that have more functions than Inspector Gadget, to name just a few. It is not a far-fetched idea for someone to open an e-commerce business opposed to a traditional brick and mortar businessRead MoreE-Commerce: Pros and Cons of Taking the Clothing Store Online1535 Words   |  6 Pagesconduct business. Today, most businesses have come to the realization that to remain relevant in a highly competitive marketplace; they must fully exploit the opportunities presented by both technology and the Internet. In this text, I discuss a number of issues arising out of my resolve to engage in e-Commerce as the owner of a small clothing store along the Jersey Shore boardwalk. Pros and Cons of Taking the Clothing Store Online According to Schniederjans Cao (2002), e-Commerce is the exchangeRead MoreWalmart s Brazilian Ecommerce Group1173 Words   |  5 Pages2. Wal-Mart: Neo4j In April 2011 the biggest multinational retailer company in the US made clear that Big Data will become a part of Wal-Mart DNA. They purchased Kosmix, a social media start-up focused on e-commerce. They developed a software application which had the ability to search and analyse social media applications (like Twitter or Facebook) in real-time in order to provide personalized insights to users. Now Wal-Mart is Big Data knowledge-empire. An important tool in achieving that has becomeRead MoreWalmarts Principles Of Walmart1786 Words   |  8 Pages2016. Stakeholders need to decide if the increase in value is an indication Wal-Mart shares will be as stable as they had in previous years. To Invest or Not to Invest For years Wal-Mart was a reasonably safe investment, does that still hold true today? Some analysts argue that now is the time to purchase Wal-Mart stocks, they are on their way up in value and will keep increasing. However, some analysts are saying the evidence of the recent turnaround are inconclusive, and potential shareholdersRead MoreLaw 531 Contract Creation and Management1738 Words   |  7 PagesManagement This week assignment is to provide analysis on the Contract Creation and Management simulation provided in the University of Phoenix (UOP) materials website. The simulation involves two companies; Span Systems, a California-based custom e-banking software developer and Citizen-Schwarz AG (C-S), a Stuttgart-based bank with revenues of over $20 billion. Through C-S’s regional offices in the United States, they contracted out Span Systems to develop a Java-based transaction processing software

My Name Is Margaret Free Essays

We as people identify with our name in many ways. Our name is what connects us to our family, and we are the image that is associated with our name. In the passage, Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on My Name Is Margaret or any similar topic only for you Order Now Viola’s friend sees a lack of importance in calling Margaret by her actual name, as â€Å"that may be, but the name’s too long. I’d never bother myself. I’d call her Mary if I was you. † In doing this, â€Å"Old Speckled-Face,† as Margaret called her, attempts to dehumanize her and exemplifies the standard way of thinking of the common, rich white people in the 60’s and 70’s. In seeing Margaret’s name as something that doesn’t matter, being that her name is who she is, she therefore makes Margaret ‘not matter’. The author’s indignation toward her employer for impertinently renaming her substantiates Marguerite’s strong sense of self-pride, now revealed in the face of racism. Angelou’s reaction to her Mrs. Viola’s renaming exhibits the subtle forms of resistance that blacks could use. In a sense, Mrs. Cullinan’s kitchen served as a finishing school for Margaret because black girls â€Å"were given as extensive and irrelevant preparations for adulthood as rich white girls shown in magazines. The difference was that many white girls learned about more high-class habits, while black girls learned housekeeping. In being a servant in Mrs. Cullinan’s kitchen, she learns the same things that white girls would learn at finishing school. Angelou describes Mrs. Cullinan’s house as â€Å"exact† and â€Å"inhuman† to articulate her ideas that white people are very different from black people. She also makes the assumption that all white people are caddy, shallow, and lonely, based on her experiences with the white ladies on the porch, which may indicate some bias changing the actual story due to racism. At first, Margaret decides that she will write a poem about the tragedy of â€Å"being white, fat, old, and without children,† due to the fact that she sees Mrs. Cullinan as living a miserable, pathetic lifestyle. But after standing up for Margaret by insisting her friend address her by the proper name, she finds a new respect for Mrs. Cullinan. Mrs. Cullinan believes that she has regained control over Margaret, however, she has in fact let go of her symbol of power over Angelou. Mrs. Angelou regains her name, and with that, her sense of self. Though she was treated wrongly by her employer and her snooty friends, Angelou reveals herself to have racist prejudice and a tendency to incorporate them into her writing, as shown in her narrative. * Alliteration * â€Å"Impish elf† * Used to bring the reader’s attention to the fact that this is when Mrs. Cullinan turns into a different person, which is the person that her white friends see Motif * Repetition of â€Å"Mary† and â€Å"Margaret† * Used to show the two sides that Angelou struggles with as she fights to maintain her identity in a world of prejudice * Diacope * â€Å"This cup went here and only here† * Used to show how Angelou perceives her employer as being single-minded * Asyndeton * â€Å"There were goblets, sherbet glasses, ice-cream gla sses, wine glasses, green glass coffee cups with matching saucers, and water glasses. † * Used to emphasize the â€Å"extensive and irrelevant† things that white people find essential to function living How to cite My Name Is Margaret, Essay examples

Breast Cancer Screening

Question: Discuss about the Breast Cancer Screening. Answer: Introduction In evidence based nursing and public health, the professionals to be updated with recent research in their field. This is because this knowledge helps them to gain skills which they can apply in the provision of care to the patients (Berg et al., 2012). The clinicians should therefore perform appraisal of the volumes of literature which are published by researchers annually. This includes the methodologies, the study design, data analysis and the data presentation as well as interpretation. Breast Cancer Screening Through Mammography The meaning of the term screening varies among different people, settings as well as beliefs. However, the basic issue is that screening is concerned about finding for the proof of the existence of a disease in a group of patients who are otherwise thought to be healthy (Bjurstam et al., 2016). The main objectives of breast cancer screening are to detect and destroy the early precursors of breast cancer and to detect the tumors early enough while they are still in a stage where treatment can be done. Breast cancer is caused by the inflammation of the breast tissues as a result of increase proliferation of the cells. This leads to formation of dimples, oozing of fluids from the nipples and an alteration of the integrity of the shape of the breasts (Bleyer and Welch, 2012). The risks which could lead to onset of breast cancer could be family history of breast cancers, lack of children or getting them at late ages, lack of regular exercises, obesity, undergoing hormone replacement at menopause and gender (females are more prone than men). In other cases, breast cancers are as a result of hereditary genes that code for onset of this form of cancer. This cancer arises from the increased proliferation of the cells lining the milk ducts which transport milk to the ducts and are thus referred to as the duct carcinomas. In other cases, the uncontrolled cell proliferation can arise from the breast lobules and the resulting type of cancer is referred to as the lobular carcinoma. This therefore calls for more screening of breasts cancers so as to determine the prevalence rates as well as other epidemiological data regarding this disease. In some instances, the biopsies from the growing lump in the breast are taken for laboratory examinations. After diagnosis, the biopsy is then taken through other tests to determine the rate of spread of the cancer (Friedewald et al., 2014). The determination of the spread is important because it allows the clinicians to determine the stage at which treatment can be done as well as the efficacy of the treatment. Most treatment includes the surgical removal of the lump or the breast itself, chemotherapy and drugs like raloxifene and tamoxifene. Due to the increasing cases of breast cancers in both men and women with more severe cases and prevalence being on women, there is a need to carryout routine breast cancer screening. The survival rates of breast cancer vary depending on the age of the individual and the extent of the sp read in the body. Moreover, the survival also depends on the social economic status of the patients whereby high survival rates are noted in the developed world while low survival rates occur in the low or underdeveloped countries (Broeders et al., 2012). The most common screening method is the mammography. This screening involves the recruitment of women who are assumed to be healthy to find out whether there are early symptoms associated with breast cancer. Mammography involves the application of special techniques that make use of images and X rays of low doses such that they can visualize the breast tissues internally. The pictures that are generated from the mammography are transferred to a computer system where the radiologist reviews and stores them permanently (Ciatto et al., 2013). Breast Screening Case Study Considering the work on mammography performed by Anderson et al., 1988, it is crucial to take consideration of some facts with regards to the mammography. Initially, it is believed that the density of the breast tissue increases the risks of contracting breast cancer. This attributed to the fact that a breast tissue which is fatty is translucent as compared to one a light one which is composed of a stromal tissue. This is the prime reason as to why mammography classification of the types and stages of breast cancer is based on the proportion of the breast which is covered by dense tissues. Moreover, women with denser breast tissues are said to provide obstruction to the x rays during mammography. In this case, there is a possibility of poor X rays penetration make the picture resulting from the radiology to appear blurred. In long run, the sensitivity of the mammography is compromised making the identification of the presence or absence of breast cancer to be very difficult (Gotzsche and Olsen, 2000). It is also likely that the low sensitivity results into interval cancers which are characterized by grade three breast tumors. The organization of cancer screening programs to be difficult due to low sensitivity of the dense tumors. Therefore the author of this article was justified in his choice of the study on whether the repeated mammographic screenings were responsible for a reduction in the cases of breast cancer. If such screening is done periodically and using controlled groups, then early treatment and other intervention programs can be initiated to reduce the mortalities and other complications. Therefore there is need to improving the sensitivity of the screening equipment so as to offer a quality assurance to the patients that they are likely to get quality services from the health set up (Kerlikowske et al., 1996). Moreover, the administration of drugs like tamoxifen would help in lower side effects of the breast cancer, reduce the incidences of this cancer and improve the probability of getting a clear and quality mammography during screening. During, the intervals after the first round of screening, approximately seventeen percent of the women used in the study developed breast cancer. This is indicative of the low sensitivity of the mammography screening or probably such cancers were overlooked leading to interval cancers. In most cases, the women who are diagnosed with interval breast cancers means that they did not benefit from the initial screening (Kerlikowske et al., 1993). However this finding is acceptable because several breast cancers have a longer than usual period before visible signs are evident. As a result, some breast cancers are detected in between the intervals of screening via mammography. The factors associated with onset of interval cancers include the pre-menauposal status, increased body mass index and use of hormone therapy by the patient. These factors are linked to the increase in the density of the breast tissue which in turn masks the tumors and makes them less visible. The higher are fatality rate of breast cancer in the control group as compared to the study group in the first seven calendar years was illustrative of the lead time and length time bias that could be associated with screening. Since the attendance was lower in the older women, then it means that the younger women were the majority. This could lead to the possibilities of interval cancers and over diagnosis hence the overall conclusion of the lack of reduction of breast cancer mortalities through mammography (Nystrm et al., 1993). The majority of the deaths as a result of breast cancer could be due to the fact that there was a possibility that the invited women had cancer which was at its advanced stages and could not be treated. This means that although mammography possibly helped in identification of such cancers, there were no intervention methods that could be of use to them. This study used sensitive methods of screening to increase the reliability of the screening as indicated by the low median of the noninvasive carcinomas. Moreover, sensitivity of the screening in this study is confirmed by the proportion of the carcinomas in between the intervals of screening. The free access to mammography which was being provided at Malmo hospital implied that the screening was provided for both the women in the study as well as those in the control group making it more comprehensive. The determination of the cause of the deaths at the end of the screening period was crucial to determine the efficacy of the mammographic screening against breast cancer (Tabar et al., 1992). This is the prime reason as to why a thorough postmortem was carried out due to the increased number of deaths. The use of an independent committee who reviewed the records of the patients whose deaths were linked to breast cancer was used to minimize the possibility of errors. Moreover, there was a reason to take the results to an independent committee because about fifteen out of one hundred and ninety three of the deaths had their causes which were confusing. In the end, the comparison of the deaths that were in the official statistics due to breast cancer and the reports of the independent committee found that ten percent of them were discordant (Andersson et al., 1988). Since the life cycle of the breast cancer is about fifteen years, the screening can only be effective enough if the breast cancer is detected early so that the treatment is started immediately according to the clinical stages. Early treatment prevents the spread of the noninvasive carcinomas and reduces the severity of breast cancer. The findings of this study indicated that overall the screening program did not have any effect to the mortality as a result of breast cancer (Nelson et al., 2016) However, this study found out that the delay in the mammographic screening (involves just counting of the deaths for six years) had an effect in reducing the mortality rates associated with breast cancer by about thirty percent (Kerlikowske et al., 1995). However the findings further reported that the effects of mammographic screening varied with respect to the age of the women. In this case, the mortality rates as a result of breast cancer in women who were fifty five years of age and above reduced by about twenty percent, although the participants were fewer than the young women. On the other hand, the women who were fifty five years and below had mortality rate from breast cancer of about twenty nine percent. The high mortality rates in young women could be as a result of false negatives which possibly reassured such women that they were okay hence delaying their initiation of treatment in good time (Tabar et al., 2003). The overall difference in mortality rates between the old and young women could be attributed to the differences in the biology of the tumors. Benefits and Risks of Mammography There are several risks which are associated with the mammographic screening of breast cancer. In some cases, these techniques are not always accurate since there are possibilities of false positives and false negatives. A breast tissue can hide a tumor such that it cannot be identified in an image obtained from mammography such that the result is that the patient does not have breast cancer. On the other hand, another lump can be misdiagnosed for breast cancer leading to a wrong interpretation of results (Haas et al., 2013). This means that the results of mammographic screening should not be final but should be accompanied by other confirmatory test, while screening itself should be done at intervals. Women are also required to be performing a regular self-examination for the presence or absence of abnormal lumps in their breasts. The women should not be afraid of the X rays used by the mammographic methods because advanced mammography just includes a little amount of radiation which is less than the amount used for conventional X rays (Moss et al., 2006). During screening, the clinicians need to understand the manner in which breast cancer develops. The need for early detection of cancers was started in the United States through campaigns which were meant to educate the people on the need for seeking medical help early in advance. Thus people were urged to be keen for any symptoms associated with cancer because the mortality rates were on the rise. However, there was none of these campaigns which laid emphasis on breast cancer. This is when randomized trials on breast cancers were introduced shortly before the increased adoption of chemotherapy and anti-estrogen drugs for treatment. After such randomized trials, mammography was recommended as the method of choice for breast cancer screening. There have been several debates on the effectiveness of mammography in reducing the mortality rates of breast cancer patients, especially when screening is done outside the experimental settings. Moreover, there have been complaints of the harmful effects of mammography due to over diagnosis (Miller et al., 2014). This refers to the detecting tumors during screening and the progression of such tumors to life threatening stages, a case which would not have happened had screening not be done. The dangers posed to the breast cancer patients as a result of over diagnosing is that all the tumors which are detected are treated including those which are over diagnosed. There needs to be the establishment of some markers for the over diagnosed tumors so that they can be omitted during treatment (Jorgensen and Gotzsche, 2009). The women who have tumors that have been over diagnosed are said to experience harm and the side effects of screening in the course of their treatment. The exact estimation of over diagnosis is difficult because there is no precise method which is available (Puliti et al., 2012). In statistical models, there is a high possibility of the rates of over diagnosis being underestimated since they only test each assumption of the model one at a time (Lauby-Secretan et al., 2015). The assumptions in this case are based on the risk of a possibility of the progression of the tumor to an invasive form of cancer. Several studies indicate that the relative decrease in mortality from bosom malignancy ranges somewhere around twenty five of women aged between 50 to 69 years. Recommendation There is the need for the government to fund the mammography screening programs to reduce the cases of breast cancer (Messersmith et al., 2o15). In some cases, especially in the developing countries, successful mammography techniques are limited by financial constraints and inaccessibility of the services. In most cases, the cost of running these programs exceeds the set budget. It therefore becomes impossible to make follow ups of the women and the whole program may end up being useless. The governments can adopt the mobile mammography method so that that it can increase the ease of access to the screening services. Moreover, there should be mechanisms by the clinicians which enable them to avoid the risks of over diagnosis which comes down with more harm than benefits to the patients. Due to the limited resources which exist especially in the developing countries, it is crucial that the clinicians communicate the benefits and harms of mammography to the patients. This calls for increased prevention and screening interventions to reduce the he incidences of the mortalities arising from breast cancer. Therefore it is advisable that mammography screening remains to be the method of choice for screening the women for breast cancer. More successful screening programs can be enhanced by engaging the community organizations so that more women can be reached. Moreover, the services should be offered in culture acceptable manner so that so of the women from some cultural backgrounds may not be left out. Reference List Andersson, I., Aspegren, K., Janzon, L., Landberg, T., Lindholm, K., Linell, F., Ljungberg, O., Ranstam, J. and Sigfusson, B., 1988. Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer: the Malm mammographic screening trial. Bmj, 297(6654), pp.943-948. Berg, W.A., Zhang, Z., Lehrer, D., Jong, R.A., Pisano, E.D., Barr, R.G., Bhm-Vlez, M., Mahoney, M.C., Evans, W.P., Larsen, L.H. and Morton, M.J., 2012. Detection of breast cancer with addition of annual screening ultrasound or a single screening MRI to mammography in women with elevated breast cancer risk. Jama, 307(13), pp.1394-1404. Bjurstam, N.G., Bjrneld, L.M. and Duffy, S.W., 2016. Updated results of the Gothenburg Trial of Mammographic Screening. Cancer, 122(12), pp.1832-1835. Bleyer, A. and Welch, H.G., 2012. 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Breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis in combination with digital mammography. Jama, 311(24), pp.2499-2507. Gotzsche, P.C. and Olsen, O., 2000. Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justifiable?. The Lancet, 355(9198), pp.129-134. Haas, B.M., Kalra, V., Geisel, J., Raghu, M., Durand, M. and Philpotts, L.E., 2013. Comparison of tomosynthesis plus digital mammography and digital mammography alone for breast cancer screening. Radiology, 269(3), pp.694-700. Jorgensen, K.J. and Gtzsche, P.C., 2009. Overdiagnosis in publicly organised mammography screening programmes: systematic review of incidence trends. Bmj, 339, p.b2587. Kerlikowske, K., Grady, D., Barclay, J., Sickles, E.A. and Ernster, V., 1996. Effect of age, breast density, and family history on the sensitivity of first screening mammography. Jama, 276(1), pp.33-38. Kerlikowske, K., Grady, D., Barclay, J., Sickles, E.A., Eaton, A. and Ernster, V., 1993. 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